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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Premotor cortex This article may require cleanup to meet 's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. November 2007 Brain: Premotor cortex Image of brain with Brodmann areas numbered Brodmann area 6 NeuroNames ancil-44 The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain. It extends 3mm in front of the Primary motor cortex near the Sylvian fissure before narrowing to approximately 1mm near the Medial longitudinal fissure, where it has the prefrontal cortex. It is responsible for sensory guidance of movement and control of proximal and trunk muscles of the body, and is more or less equivalent with Brodmann area 6. Contents 1 Anatomy and structure 2 Afferents 2.1 Subcortical 2.2 Cortical 3 Efferents 3.1 Subcortical 3.1.1 Cortico-spinal 3.1.2 Striatum 3.1.3 Thalamus 3.1.4 Central complex 3.1.5 Subthalamic nucleus 3.2 Cortical 4 Physiology 5 References Anatomy and structure The premotor cortex is dysgranular a transition between the agranular motor cortex and the granular eulaminate frontal cortex, which means that there is only a faint granular lamina IV. This correspond to the Brodmann area 6 and the Vogts , except for the part located on the medial surface of the hemisphere that has been later recognised as the accessory motor cortex supplementary motor area - SMA. It is recommended to avoid number that have no topographical indication. As for all other parts of the cortex, there are several cultural schools concerning the conception and naming of cortical parts. For von Economo and followers, the premotor cortex is FB. Matelli more recently proposed still another system. The lateral component is a place that phylogenetically evolved considerably, for instance from cercopithecidae like macaques to man through apes. In macaque it is accepted that there are a dorsal premotor cortex Pmd and a ventral one Pmv. The boundary between the two is admitted to be a horizontal line starting from the angle of the arcuate sulcus. In apes, there is no more arcuate sulcus and the appearance of a discontinuous irregular precentral sulcus. This is also the case in the human brain . The precise taxonomic placement of the premotor cortex may differ between authors: The distinction made by Bailey and von Bonin of a central perirolandic region places the premotor cortex in this central region, thus posteriorly to the proper frontal cortex. Afferents Subcortical Cortical Through U fibers short cortico-cortical axons the premotor cortex receives many axons from the motor cortex in an horizontal manner respecting the somatotopic map of the motor cortex. Efferents Subcortical Cortico-spinal The axons of the premotor cortex contribute to the pyramidal bundle Striatum Axons of the Vth layer contribute to the corticostriate connection ; a massive connection involving almost all parts of the cortex Thalamus The premotor cortex cortex sends axons to the motor thalamus. This see thalamus comprises a part receiving cerebellar axons nucleus Ventralis Intermedius Vim or VL, a part receiving pallidal axons nucleus Ventralis oralis VO and a part receiving nigral axons nucleus Ventralis anterio VA. The Vim is separated into two parts one ventrolateral and one mediodorsal VImM. The premotor cortex sends axons electively to VImM and VO Central complex Subthalamic nucleus Cortical Physiology Mirror neurons are cells located in the premotor cortex, the part of the brain relevant to the planning, selection and execution of actions. It is a part of the Cerebral cortex. References Bucy, P.C. ed1949 The precentral motor cortex. 2d ed. Univ. Illinois Press Urbana Rizzolati, G., Luppino, G. and Matelli, M. 1998 The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 106:283-296 von Bonin, G. 1949 Architecture of the precentral motor cortex and some adjacent areas. in Bucy, P.C. ed1949 The precentral motor cortex. 2d ed. Univ. Illinois Press Urbana. pp.7-82 v d e Brain: telencephalon cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres Frontal lobe Precentral gyrus Primary motor cortex, 4 Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields 6, 8, 9, Middle frontal gyrus 46, Inferior frontal gyrus/Broca's area 44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis Orbitofrontal cortex 10, 11, 12, 47 Prefrontal cortex, Premotor cortex Precentral sulcus - Superior frontal sulcus - Inferior frontal sulcus - Olfactory sulcus Parietal lobe Somatosensory cortex Primary 1, 2, 3, 43, Secondary 5, Precuneus 7m - Parietal operculum Parietal lobules Superior 7l, Inferior 40, Angular gyrus 39 Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus Occipital lobe Primary visual cortex 17, Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, Lateral occipital gyrus 18, 19 Calcarine fissure Temporal lobe Primary auditory cortex 41, 42, Superior temporal gyrus 38, 22/Wernicke's area, Middle temporal gyrus 21, Inferior temporal gyrus 20 Fusiform gyrus 37 Medial temporal lobe Amygdala, Parahippocampal gyrus 27, 28, 34, 35, 36 Cingulate cortex/gyrus Subgenual area 25, Anterior cingulate 24, 32, 33, Posterior cingulate 23, 31, Retrosplenial cortex 26, 29, 30 Callosal sulcus Interlobar sulci/fissures lateral: Central frontal+parietal, Lateral frontal+parietal+temporal, Parietoöccipital medial: Medial longitudinal, Cingulate frontal+cingulate, Collateral temporal+occipital White matter tracts Commissural fibers - Association fibers Internal capsule Anterior limb, Genu, Posterior limb, Corona radiata, External capsule, Lamina terminalis, Extreme capsule, Semioval center Olfactory tract - Terminal stria - Diagonal band of Broca Other Insular cortex gray: Olfactory bulb, Anterior olfactory nucleus, Basal optic nucleus of Meynert, Substantia innominata, Anterior perforated substance Corpus striatum - Limbic lobe Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Premotor_cortex Categories: Cerebrum | Somatic motor system | NeuroanatomyHidden categories: Cleanup from November 2007 | All pages needing cleanup Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Français This page was last modified on 30 June 2008, at 20:59
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