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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Receptive aphasia Receptive aphasia Classification and external resources Broca's area and Wernicke's area ICD-10 F80.2 ICD-9 315.32 MeSH D001041 Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, fluent aphasia, or sensory aphasia in clinical neuropsychology and cognitive neuropsychology, is a type of aphasia often but not always caused by neurological damage to Wernicke's area in the brain Brodman area 22, in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. This is not to be confused with Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The aphasia was first described by Carl Wernicke and its understanding substantially advanced by Norman Geschwind. If Wernicke's area is damaged in the non-dominant hemisphere, the syndrome resulting will be sensory dysprosody - the lack of ability to perceive the pitch, rhythm, and emotional tone of speech. Contents 1 Presentation 2 Luria's theory on Wernicke's aphasia 3 Receptive aphasia in popular culture 4 See also 5 References 6 External Links Presentation If Wernicke's area is damaged in the non-dominant hemisphere, the syndrome resulting will be sensory dysprosody - the lack of ability to perceive the pitch, rhythm, and emotional tone of speech. Speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect. This may vary from the insertion of a few incorrect or nonexistent words to a profuse outpouring of jargon. Grammar, syntax, rate, intonation and stress are normal. Substitutions of one word for another paraphasias, e.g. telephone for television are common. Comprehension and repetition are poor. Example: I called my mother on the television and did not understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for me to be young. Example: 1 If excessive, this may be confused with the psychiatric signs of pressure of speech and word salad. Patients who recover from Wernicke's aphasia report that, while aphasic, they found the speech of others to be unintelligible and, despite being cognizant of that fact that they were speaking, they could neither stop themselves nor understand their own words. The ability to understand and repeat songs is usually unaffected, as these are processed by the opposite hemisphere. Melodic intonation therapy has been pursued for some years with aphasic patients under the belief that it helps stimulate the ability to speak normally, though recent research calls this into question. 1 Patients also generally have no trouble purposefully reciting anything they have memorized. The ability to utter profanity is also left unaffected, however the patient typically has no control over it, and may not even understand their own profanity. Luria's theory on Wernicke's aphasia Luria proposed that this type of aphasia has three characteristics.2 1 A deficit in the categorization of sounds. In order to hear and understand what is said, one must be able to recognize the different sounds of spoken language. For example, hearing the difference between bad and bed is easy for native English speakers. The Dutch language however, makes no difference between these vowels, and therefore the Dutch have difficulties hearing the difference between them. This problem is exactly what patients with Wernicke's aphasia have in their own language: they can't isolate significant sound characteristics and classify them into known meaningful systems. 2 A defect in speech. A patient with Wernicke's aphasia can and may speak a great deal, but he or she confuses sound characteristics, producing word salad: intelligible words that appear to be strung together randomly. 3 An impairment in writing. A person who cannot discern sounds cannot be expected to write. Receptive aphasia in popular culture Failure to Communicate, an episode of Fox's medical television series House, M. D., featured a patient experiencing both receptive aphasia and agraphia. The episode first aired on January 10, 2006. In Babel, an episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, a virus causes this type of aphasia. In an episode of Boston Legal, Alan Shore is diagnosed with word salad which arises during periods of anxiety. Shore struggles with word salad for the rest of the show. See also Broca's aphasia Schizophasia Conduction aphasia Logorrhoea Aphasia Agraphia References ^ Hébert, S. Racette, A., Gagnon, L. Peretz, I. 2003. Revisiting the dissociation between speaking and singing in aphasia. Brain, 126, 1838-1850. http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/126/8/1838 ^ Kolb Whishaw: Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology 2003, pages 503-504. The whole paragraph on Luria's theory is written with help of this reference. External Links Aphasia Center of California in Oakland, CA, U.S. v d e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders F · 290-319 Neurological/symptomatic Dementia Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Elopement, Sundowning, Wandering · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance alcohol drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse · opioids opioid dependency · sedative/hypnotic benzodiazepine withdrawal · cocaine cocaine dependence · general Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal Psychotic disorder Schizophrenia disorganized schizophrenia · Schizophreniform disorder · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder Mood affective Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder Ganser syndrome · Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia · Neurasthenia Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder: Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder: Dyssomnia Hypersomnia, Insomnia · Parasomnia REM behavior disorder, Night terror · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism Mental retardation Mental retardation Psychological development developmental disorder Specific: speech and language expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp · Scholastic skills dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome · Motor function developmental dyspraxia Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech stuttering · cluttering v d e Lesions of spinal cord and brain Spinal cord sensory: Sensory ataxia - Tabes dorsalis motor: Motor neurone disease mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome - cord syndrome Posterior, Anterior, Central/Syringomyelia - Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord B12 Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brainstem Medulla CN 8, 9, 10, 12 Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA - Medial medullary syndrome ASA Pons CN 5, 6, 7, 8 Lateral pontine syndrome AICA - Millard-Gubler syndrome lateral - Medial pontine syndrome basilar - Foville's syndrome dorsal, basilar - Locked-In syndrome ventral - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome Midbrain CN 3, 4 Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA - Benedikt's syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA - Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Cerebellum lateral Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Intention tremor - medial Cerebellar ataxia Basal ganglia Chorea - Dystonia - Parkinson's disease Cortex ACA syndrome - MCA syndrome - PCA syndrome frontal lobe: Expressive aphasia - Abulia parietal lobe: Receptive aphasia - Hemispatial neglect - Gerstmann syndrome - Astereognosis occipital lobe: Balint's syndrome - Cortical blindness - Alexia without agraphia temporal lobe: Cortical deafness - Prosopagnosia Other Subclavian steal syndrome - Upper motor neurone lesion Clasp-knife response - Lower motor neurone lesion v d e Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice R47-R49, 784 Aphasia/Dysphasia Expressive aphasia - Receptive aphasia - Conduction aphasia Other speech disturbances Dysarthria - Schizophasia Symbolic dysfunctions Dyslexia - Alexia - Agnosia Prosopagnosia, Astereognosis - Apraxia Ideomotor apraxia - Acalculia - Agraphia Voice disturbances Dysphonia - Aphonia Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Receptive_aphasia Categories: Aphasias | Neuropsychology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Nederlands Português 中文 This page was last modified on 26 August 2008, at 00:49
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