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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly Spanish Prime Minister in the General Assembly in New York Org type Principal Organ Acronyms GA, UNGA Head President of the UN General Assembly As of 18 September 2007 Srgjan Kerim former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Status Active Established 1945 Website www.un.org/ga Wikimedia Commons Commons:Category:United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly Portal Portal:United Nations United Nations Portal Membership For two articles dealing with membership in the General Assembly, see: General Assembly members General Assembly observers The United Nations General Assembly UNGA / GA is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.1 It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.2 The General Assembly meets under its president or secretary general in regular yearly sessions which last from September to December, although it can reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Westminster Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations. Voting in the General Assembly on important questions - recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; budgetary matters - is by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Other questions are decided by majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, including adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security under Security Council consideration. The one state, one vote power structure theoretically allows states comprising just eight percent of the world population to pass a resolution by a two-thirds vote. During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for the North-South dialogue - the discussion of issues between industrialized nations and developing countries. These issues came to the fore because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN had 51 members. It now has 192, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries. Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly using coordinating groups like the G77, the character of its debates, and the nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives. Contents 1 The agenda 2 General Assembly resolutions 3 Special sessions 4 Emergency special sessions 5 Subsidiary organs 5.1 Committees 5.1.1 Main committees 5.1.2 Other committees 5.2 Commissions 5.3 Boards 5.4 Working Groups and other 6 General Assembly reform and UNPA 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External links The agenda The agenda for each session is planned up to seven months in advance and begins with the release of a preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda.3 This is refined into a provisional agenda sixty days before the opening of the session. After the session begins the final agenda is adopted in a plenary meeting which allocates the work to the various Main Committees who later submit reports back to the Assembly for adoption by consensus or by vote. Westminster Central Hall, the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 Westminster Central Hall, the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946 Items on the agenda are numbered. Several items may be discussed in a single plenary session. Also, discussions on a topic of the agenda can continue across separate meetings months apart. General Assembly resolutions See also: United Nations General Assembly Resolution and United Nations Document Codes The General Assembly votes on many resolutions brought forth by sponsoring states. These are generally symbolic statements covering an array of world issues. Most General Assembly resolutions, while symbolic of the sense of the international community, are not enforceable as a legal or practical matter as the General Assembly lacks enforcement powers with respect to most issues. However, various groups feel that the old classic concept according to which General Assembly resolutions have no legal effect must be discarded. Not only does the General Assembly have authority to make final decisions in some areas such as the United Nations budget, but many resolutions may also be constitutive or proof of international customary law, and therefore binding on member states4. From the First to the Thirtieth General Assembly sessions, all General Assembly resolutions were numbered consecutively, with the resolution number followed by the session number in Roman numbers for example, Resolution 1514 XV, which was the 1514th numbered resolution adopted by the Assembly, and was adopted at the Fifteenth Regular Session 1960. Beginning with the Thirty-First Session, resolutions are numbered by individual session for example Resolution 41/10 represents the 10th resolution adopted at the Forty-First Session. Special sessions A meeting of the General Assembly in New York A meeting of the General Assembly in New York Special sessions may be convened at the request of the UN Security Council, or a majority of UN members, or, if the majority concurs, of a single member. A special session was held in October 1995 at the head of government level to commemorate the UN's 50th anniversary. Another special session was held in September 2000 to celebrate the millennium; it put forward the Millennium Development Goals. A further special session 2005 World Summit was held in September 2005 to commemorate the UN's 60th anniversary; it assessed progress on the Millennium Development Goals, and discussed Kofi Annan's In Larger Freedom proposals. At the first Special Session of the UN General Assembly held in 1947, Oswaldo Aranha, then president of the Special Session, began a tradition that has remained until today whereby the first speaker at this major international forum is always a Brazilian.5 Emergency special sessions The General Assembly may take action on maintaining international peace and security if the UN Security Council is unable, usually due to disagreement among the permanent members, to exercise its primary responsibility. If not in session at the time, the General Assembly may meet in emergency special session6 within twenty-four hours of the request thereof. Such emergency special sessions shall be called if requested by the Security Council on the vote of any seven members, or by a majority of the Members of the United Nations. The Uniting for Peace resolution, adopted 3 November 1950, empowered the Assembly to convene in emergency special session in order to recommend collective measures - including the use of armed force - in the event of a breach of the peace or act of aggression. As with all Assembly resolutions, two-thirds of UN Members 'present and voting' must approve any such recommendation before it can be formally adopted by the Assembly. Emergency special sessions have been convened under this procedure on ten occasions. The two most recent, in 1982 and 1997 through 2003 respectively, have both been convened in response to actions by the State of Israel. The ninth considered the situation in the occupied Arab territories following Israel's unilateral extension of its laws, jurisdiction, and administration to the Golan Heights. The tenth was triggered by the Israeli occupation of East Jerusalem, and dealt with the issue of Palestine. Subsidiary organs The United Nations General Assembly hall, seen from the entrance in rear of the hall. The United Nations General Assembly hall, seen from the entrance in rear of the hall. The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees 30 total, six main, commissions seven, boards six, councils and panels five, working groups, and other. Committees Main committees The main committees are ordinally numbered, 1-6: The First Committee: Disarmament and International Security DISEC The Second Committee: Economic and Financial ECOFIN The Third Committee: Social, Humanitarian and Cultural SOCHUM The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonization SPECPOL The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary The Sixth Committee: Legal The roles of many of the main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee POLISEC and there was also a sufficient number of additional Political matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as the trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s. Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session. Other committees These are not numbered. According to the General Assembly website, the most important are: Credentials Committee - This committee is charged with ensuring that the diplomatic credentials of all UN representatives are in order. The Credentials Committee consists of nine Member States elected early in each regular General Assembly session. General Committee - This is supervisory committee entrusted with ensuring that the whole meeting of the Assembly goes smoothly. The General Committee consists of the president and vice presidents of the current General Assembly session and the chairman of each of the six Main Committees. Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated in this list. Commissions There are seven commissions: Disarmament Commission, established by GA Resolution 502 VI and S-10/2 International Civil Service Commission, established by GA Resolution 3357 XXIX International Law Commission, established by GA Resolution 174 II United Nations Commission on International Trade Law UNCITRAL, established by GA Resolution 2205 XXI United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established by GA Resolution 194 III United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, established by GA Resolution 60/180 and UN Security Council Resolutions 1645 2005 and 1646 2005 Despite its name, the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights UNCHR was actually a subsidiary body of ECOSOC. Boards There are six boards. Councils and panels The most important as well as the newest council is the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006. There are a total of four councils and one panel. Working Groups and other There is a varied group of working groups and other subsidiary bodies. General Assembly reform and UNPA See also: United Nations Parliamentary Assembly On 21 March 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented a report, In Larger Freedom, that criticized the General Assembly for focusing so much on consensus that it was passing watered-down resolutions reflecting the lowest common denominator of widely different opinions. He also criticized the Assembly for trying to address too broad an agenda, instead of focusing on the major substantive issues of the day, such as international migration and the long-debated comprehensive convention on terrorism. Annan recommended streamlining the General Assembly's agenda, committee structure, and procedures; strengthening the role and authority of its president; enhancing the role of civil society; and establishing a mechanism to review the decisions of its committees, in order to minimize unfunded mandates and micromanagement of the UN Secretariat. Annan reminded UN members of their responsibility to implement reforms, if they expect to realize improvements in UN effectiveness.7 A United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, or United Nations People's Assembly UNPA, is a proposed addition to the United Nations System that eventually could allow for direct election of UN parliament members by citizens all over the world. See also President of the United Nations General Assembly List of ambassadors to the United Nations Reform of the United Nations United Nations Secretary-General United Nations System UN Security Council UN Economic and Social Council Music for UNICEF Concert UNIS-UN UN Parliamentary Assembly United Nations Interpretation Service Notes ^ CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS: Chapter IV. UN.org. ^ General Assembly: Subsidiary organs. UN.org. ^ Research Guide: General Assembly. caitlinUnited Nations. ^ ICJ Advisory Opinion on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons 1996par. 70 ^ Historical Personalities and Diplomats: Oswaldo Aranha. Brazilian Ministry of External Relations. ^ UNGA Emergency Special Sessions. UN.org. ^ In Larger Freedom, Chapter 5. United Nations. External links United Nations General Assembly Wikisource has several original texts related to: United Nations General Assembly United Nations General Assembly UN General Assembly - Background 61st Session Webcast archive for the UN General Assembly A subsection of the overall UN webcast site q.v. http://www.un.org/webcast. UN Democracy: hyperlinked transcripts of the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council UN General Assembley - Documentation Center Annan, Kofi: Strengthening the United Nations, In Larger Freedom, 21 March 2005. United States Department of State - UN Division Council on Foreign Relations: The Role of the UN General Assembly United Nations - Official site Who will be the next UN Secretary General? v d e United Nations UN UN System General Assembly · Security Council · Economic and Social Council · Secretariat Secretary-General · Trusteeship Council · International Court of Justice · Member States · Observers Flag of the United Nations Major office centres Headquarters New York · Geneva · Nairobi · Vienna Programs, funds and agencies FAO · ICAO · ILO · IPCC · IAEA · UNIDO · ITU · UNAIDS · SCSL · UNCTAD · UNCITRAL · UNDCP · UNDP · UNEP · UNESCO · UNODC · UNFIP · UNFPA · OHCHR · UNHCR · UNHRC · UN-HABITAT · UNICEF · UNRWA · UPU · WFP · WHO · WMO Resolutions General Assembly UDHR · Security Council Related Bretton Woods System · Flag · History · ICC · League of Nations · OPCW · Peacekeeping Missions · United Nations Charter · United Nations Global Compact · UNTS Additional topics Category:United Nations · Portal:United Nations v d e United Nations Charter UN Complete text at WikiSource United Nations Portal Text of the Charter: Preamble Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Chapter VIII Chapter XVIII Chapter XIX Amendments to the United Nations Charter History of the Charter History of the UN: Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Treaty of Versailles Covenant of the League of Nations Moscow Conference of 1943 Tehran Conference of 1943 Dumbarton Oaks Conference San Francisco Conference Signatories Created Organs: Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat Military Staff Committee v d e Supranationalism and World government topics Theory Supranationalism · Federalism · Confederation · Intergovernmentalism · Anti-nationalism · Globalization · Democratic mundialization · Pax · Cosmopolitanism International bodies United Nations UN · Interpol · International Monetary Fund IMF · World Bank Group WBG · World Trade Organization WTO Regional bodies European Union EU · Council of Europe · Arab League · African Union AU · Union of South American Nations USAN · Shanghai Cooperation Organisation SCO · Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN · Commonwealth of Independent States CIS · Organization of American States OAS · South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC · Pacific Islands Forum PIF International parliaments United Nations General Assembly · European Parliament · Arab Parliament · Pan-African Parliament · Latin American Parliament · South American Parliament · Mercosur Parliament · Central American Parliament · Inter-Parliamentary Union International courts International Criminal Court · International Court of Justice · International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICTY · African Court of Justice · Central American Court of Justice · Caribbean Court of Justice · Inter-American Court of Human Rights · European Court of Justice · European Court of Human Rights Law and treaties International law public · private · supranational · United Nations Charter · Rome Statute · Kyoto Protocol · European Union treaties · European Union law History League of Nations · Permanent Court of International Justice · Nuremberg Trials · Permanent Court of Arbitration Proposals and concepts World government · United Nations Parliamentary Assembly · Central Asian Union · Pacific Union · North American Union · Federal Europe Movements Federal Union · World Federalist Movement · Global citizens movement · World Union Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly Categories: United Nations General Assembly Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Arpetan БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Galego í•œêµì–´ हिनà¥?दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית ქáƒ?რთული МакедонÑ?ки Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska தமிழà¯? ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 26 August 2008, at 11:46
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