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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Urethritis Urethritis Classification and external resources ICD-10 N34. ICD-9 597 099.4 DiseasesDB 27902 eMedicine med/2342 MeSH D014526 Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. The main symptom is dysuria, which is painful or difficult urination. Contents 1 Diagnosis 2 Causes 3 Symptoms 4 Treatment 5 References Diagnosis A cotton swab is inserted 1-4 cm into the urethra and rotated once. The swab is then smeared onto a glass slide and examined under a microscope. A commonly used cut-off for the diagnosis of urethritis is 5 or more polymorphs per high power field, but this definition has recently been called into doubt.1 Tests of gonorrhoea and chlamydia are sent on the swab. Causes In the diagnostic approach to urethritis, physicians classify the disease as gonococcal urethritis or non-gonococcal urethritis NGU, based on its causation. Non-gonococcal urethritis, sometimes called non-specific urethritis NSU, has both infectious and non-infectious causes. In men, purulent discharge usually indicates a urethritis of gonococcal nature, while clear discharge indicates urethritis of non-gonococcal nature. Urethritis is difficult to diagnose in women because discharge may not be present, however, the symptoms of dysuria and frequency may be present. Causes include: Adenovirus Chlamydia trachomatis Escherichia coli Herpes simplex Mycoplasma genitalium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Reiter's syndrome Trichomonas spp. Symptoms Discharge milky or pus-like from the penis, stinging or burning during urination, itching, tingling, burning or irritation inside the penis. Treatment A variety of drugs may be prescribed based on the cause of the patient's urethritis. Some examples of medications based on causes include: Clotrimazole Mycelex - Trichomonas Doxycycline Vibramycin - Chlamydia Fluconazole Diflucan - Monilial Metronidazole Flagyl - Trichomonas Nitrofurantoin - Bacterial Infection Nystatin Mycostatin - Monilial Co-trimoxazole, which is a combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in a ratio of 5 to 1 Septrin, Bactrim - Bacterial Infection Proper perineal hygiene should be stressed. This includes avoiding use of vaginal deodorant sprays and proper wiping after urination and bowel movements. Intercourse should be avoided until symptoms subside. References ^ Bradshaw CS et al.. Etiologies of Nongonococcal Urethritis: Bacteria, Viruses, and the Association with Orogenital Exposure. J Infect Dis 193 3: 333-5. v d e Sexually transmitted diseases and infections STD/STI primarily A50-A64, 090-099 Bacterial Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Donovanosis Granuloma Inguinale Lymphogranuloma venereum LGV Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Syphilis Treponema pallidum Ureaplasma urealyticum Protozoal Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Parasitic Crab louse/crabs Scabies Viral AIDS HIV-1/HIV-2 Cervical cancer Genital warts condyloma Human papillomavirus HPV Hepatitis B Herpes simplex virus HSV1/HSV2 Molluscum contagiosum MCV General inflammation female: Cervicitis Pelvic inflammatory disease PID male: Epididymitis Prostatitis either: Proctitis Urethritis/Non-gonococcal urethritis NGU Other Ectopic pregnancy Premature birth Infertility Reactive arthritis v d e Urinary system - Pathology - Urologic disease N00-N39, 580-599 Abdominal Kidney/ nephropathy Glomerulus Nephritis/ glomerulonephritis by structure: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis - Membranous glomerulonephritis/Membranous nephritis - IgA nephropathy/glomerulonephritis by disease: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - Lupus nephritis other: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Nephritic syndrome Nephrosis/ noninflammatory Glomerulosclerosis Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Diabetic nephropathy/glomerulosclerosis - Nephrotic syndrome Minimal change disease - Familial renal amyloidosis Tubulointerstitial/ Renal tubule Interstitial nephritis Pyelonephritis, Danubian endemic familial nephropathy Uropathy Obstructive uropathy, Hydronephrosis, Pyonephrosis Inborn errors of renal tubular transport Renal tubular acidosis, Gitelman syndrome Reflux nephropathy - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Renal papillary necrosis Renal failure Acute renal failure Acute tubular necrosis - Chronic renal failure Other Renal osteodystrophy - Nephroptosis - Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome vascular Renal artery stenosis, Hypertensive nephropathy, Renovascular hypertension Ureter Ureteritis - Ureterocele - Megaureter Pelvic Bladder Cystitis Interstitial cystitis, Trigonitis - Neurogenic bladder - Vesicointestinal fistula - Vesicoureteral reflux Urethra Urethritis Non-gonococcal urethritis - Urethral syndrome - Urethral stricture Other/general Urinary tract infection - Retroperitoneal fibrosis - Urolithiasis Kidney stone, Renal colic See also congenital, neoplasia, symptoms/signs v d e Inflammation Acute Plasma derived mediators Bradykinin - complement C3, C5a, MAC - coagulation Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin Cell derived mediators preformed: Lysosome granules - vasoactive amines Histamine, Serotonin synthesized on demand: cytokines IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1 - eicosanoids Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins - Nitric oxide - Kinins Chronic Macrophage - Epithelioid cell - Giant cell - Granuloma Processes Traditional: Rubor - Calor - Tumor - Dolor pain - Functio laesa Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever - Vasodilation - Increased vascular permeability - Exudate - Leukocyte extravasation - Chemotaxis Specific types Cardiovascular Endocarditis - Myocarditis - Pericarditis - Vasculitis Arteritis, Phlebitis Digestive mouth Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis - tract Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis - accessory Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis - Peritonitis Musculoskeletal Arthritis - Dermatomyositis - soft tissue Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis - Osteochondritis Osteitis, Chondritis Integumentary Dermatitis Folliculitis - Hidradenitis - Mastitis Nervous Encephalitis - Meningitis - Myelitis - Neuritis - Otitis - eye Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis Respiratory upper Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis - lower Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis Reproductive female: Oophoritis - Salpingitis - Endometritis - Parametritis - Cervicitis - Vaginitis - Vulvitis male: Orchitis - Epididymitis - Prostatitis - Balanitis - Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis - Omphalitis Urinary Nephritis Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis - Ureteritis - Cystitis - Urethritis This medical article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Urethritis Categories: Sexually transmitted diseases and infections | Inflammations | Infectious diseases | Medicine stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Français Italiano עברית Nederlands Polski Português Suomi This page was last modified on 25 July 2008, at 04:49
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