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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - pneumonia Viral pneumonia Classification and external resources ICD-10 J12. MeSH D011024 Viral pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung caused by a virus. Viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia in children. Contents 1 Features 2 Pathophysiology 3 Etiology 4 Treatment 5 References Features PNEUMONIA Infectious pneumonias Bacterial pneumonia Viral pneumonia Fungal pneumonia Parasitic pneumonia Atypical pneumonia Community-acquired pneumonia Healthcare-associated pneumonia Hospital-acquired pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia Severe acute respiratory syndrome Pneumonias caused by infectious or noninfectious agents Aspiration pneumonia Lipid pneumonia Eosinophilic pneumonia Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Noninfectious pneumonia Chemical pneumonia this box Symptoms of viral pneumonia include fever, non-productive cough, rhinitis, and systemic symptoms e.g. myalgia, headache. Different viruses cause different symptoms. Pathophysiology Viruses must invade cells in order to reproduce. Typically, a virus will reach the lungs by traveling in droplets through the mouth and nose with inhalation. There, the virus invades the cells lining the airways and the alveoli. This invasion often leads to cell death either through direct killing by the virus or by self-destruction through apoptosis. Further damage to the lungs occurs when the immune system responds to the infection. White blood cells, in particular lymphocytes, are responsible for activating a variety of chemicals cytokines which cause leaking of fluid into the alveoli. The combination of cellular destruction and fluid-filled alveoli interrupts the transportation of oxygen into the bloodstream. In addition to the effects on the lungs, many viruses affect other organs and can lead to illness affecting many different bodily functions. Viruses also make the body more susceptible to bacterial infection; for this reason, bacterial pneumonia often complicates viral pneumonia. Etiology Viruses that commonly cause pneumonia include: Influenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus RSV Adenoviruses Metapneumovirus Viruses that rarely cause pneumonia include: Herpes simplex virus HSV, mainly in newborns Varicella-zoster virus VZV Cytomegalovirus CMV, mainly in people with immune system problems Treatment In cases of viral pneumonia where influenza A or B are thought to be causative agents, patients who are seen within 48 hours of symptom onset may benefit from treatment with oseltamivir or zanamivir. Respiratory syncytial virus RSV may be treated with ribavirin. Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections are usually treated with aciclovir, whilst ganciclovir is used to treat cytomegalovirus. There is no known efficacious treatment for pneumonia caused by SARS coronavirus, adenovirus, hantavirus, or parainfluenza virus; treatment is largely supportive. References v d e Pathology of respiratory system J, 460-519, respiratory diseases Upper RT including URTIs, Common cold Head sinuses: Sinusitis nose: Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis, Atrophic rhinitis, Hay fever - Nasal polyp - Deviated septum tonsil: Tonsillitis - Adenoid hypertrophy - Peritonsillar abscess Neck pharynx: Pharyngitis Strep throat larynx: Laryngitis - Croup - Laryngospasm - vocal folds: Vocal fold nodule - epiglottis: Epiglottitis trachea: Tracheitis - Tracheal stenosis Lower RT/lung disease including LRTIs Pneumonia Viral - Bacterial/Atypical pneumonia Mycoplasma - Fungal pneumonia Pneumocystis pneumonia - Parasitic pneumonia - Bronchopneumonia - Chemical pneumonia Mendelson's syndrome Bronchial/ obstructive Acute: Bronchitis Acute, Chronic - Bronchiolitis Chronic: Emphysema - COPD - Asthma Status asthmaticus - Diffuse panbronchiolitis - Bronchiectasis Interstitial/ restrictive External agents/ occupational lung disease Pneumoconiosis Asbestosis, Baritosis, Bauxite fibrosis, Berylliosis, Caplan's syndrome, Chalicosis, Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, Siderosis, Silicosis, Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis, Bird fancier's lung, Farmer's lung Other ARDS - Pulmonary edema - Löffler's syndrome/Eosinophilic pneumonia - Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Obstructive or restrictive Atelectasis - Bronchiolitis obliterans Pleural cavity/mediastinum Suppuration Empyema - Lung abscess Pleural disease/pleural effusion Hemothorax - Pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax - Hemopneumothorax - Hydrothorax - Chylothorax - Pleurisy Mediastinal disease Mediastinal emphysema - Mediastinitis Other/general Respiratory failure - Influenza - SARS - Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis see also congenital, neoplasia v d e Infectious diseases - Virus diseases A80-B34, 042-079 CNS Encephalitis/ meningitis DNA virus: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy RNA virus: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - Tick-borne meningoencephalitis unknown: Encephalitis lethargica Eye DNA virus: Cytomegalovirus retinitis Other RNA virus: Rabies - Myelitis: Poliomyelitis Post-polio syndrome - Tropical spastic paraparesis Skin and mucous membrane lesions DNA virus, Herpesviridae: Herpes simplex - Chickenpox - Herpes zoster - KSHV DNA virus, other: Poxviridae Smallpox, Monkeypox, Cowpox, Vaccinia, Molluscum contagiosum - exanthem Roseola, Fifth disease - HPV Wart RNA virus: exanthem Measles, Rubella - picornavirus Hand, foot and mouth disease, Foot-and-mouth disease Digestive system Hepatitis DNA virus: B RNA virus: A - D - C - E - G Gastroenteritis DNA virus: Adenovirus RNA virus: Rotavirus - Norovirus - Astrovirus - Coronavirus Respiratory system RNA virus, IV: Acute viral nasopharyngitis - Severe acute respiratory syndrome RNA virus, V: Influenza/Avian influenza - Human parainfluenza viruses - RSV - hMPV Other/varied: Infectious mononucleosis - Viral pneumonia Sexually transmitted DNA virus: HPV Genital warts, Cervical cancer RNA virus, retrovirus: HIV AIDS, AIDS dementia complex - Adult T-cell leukemia Oncovirus DNA virus: Hepatitis B - HPV - Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus RNA virus: Hepatitis C - HTLV Systemic DNA virus: Cytomegalovirus RNA virus: Mumps - Bornholm disease - Coxsackie B This disease article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Viral_pneumonia Categories: Pneumonia | Disease stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 17 July 2008, at 16:17
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