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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
16-September-2008 20:42:48 - Nephrotoxicity Nephrotoxicity from Greek: nephros, kidney is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medication, on the kidney. There are various forms of toxicity. 1 Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with the fact that some medications have a predominantly renal excretion and need their dose adjusted for the decreased renal function e.g. heparin. Nephrotoxins are chemicals displaying nephrotoxicity. The nephrotoxic effect of most drugs is more profound in patients who already suffer from renal impairment. Some drugs may affect renal function in more than one way. Contents 1 Types of toxicity 1.1 Cardiovascular 1.2 Direct tubular effect 1.3 Acute interstitial nephritis 1.4 Acute glomerulonephritis 1.5 Causes of diabetes insipidus 1.6 Other nephrotoxins 2 Surveillance 3 References 4 See also Types of toxicity Cardiovascular General: diuretics, β-blockers, vasodilator agents Local: ACE inhibitors, ciclosporin. Direct tubular effect Proximal convoluted tubule: Aminoglycoside antibiotics e.g. gentamicin, amphotericin B, cisplatin, radiocontrast media, immunoglobulins, mannitol Distal tubule: NSAIDs e.g. aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, ACE inhibitors, ciclosporin, lithium salts, cyclophosphamide, amphotericin B Tubular obstruction: sulphonamides, methotrexate, aciclovir, polyethylene glycol. Acute interstitial nephritis β-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, rifampicin, sulphonamides, ciprofloxacin, NSAIDs, ranitidine, cimetidine, furosemide, thiazides, phenytoin. Acute glomerulonephritis Penicillamine. Causes of diabetes insipidus Lithium salts amphotericin B fluoride demeclocycline foscarnet. Other nephrotoxins Heavy metals interfere with enzymes of energy metabolism. Aristolochic acid, found in some plants and, more dangerously, in some herbal supplements derived from those plants, has been shown to have nephrotoxic effects on humans. Surveillance Nephrotoxicity is usually monitored through a simple blood test. An elevated level of creatinine indicates poor renal function. Normal creatinine levels are between 80 - 120 mm/l. In interventional radiology, a patients' creatinine levels are all checked prior to a procedure. Should an elevated creatinine level be found, a special contrast medium or radiocontrast is used which is less harmful for the patient. Creatinine clearance is another measure of renal function, which may be more useful clinically when dealing with patients with early kidney disease. References ^ Galley HF. Can acute renal failure be prevented? J R Coll Surg Edinb 2000;451:44-50. Fulltext. PMID 10815380. See also Toxicity Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity This medical treatment article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Nephrotoxicity Categories: Toxicology | Nephrology | Medical treatment stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Nederlands РуÑ?Ñ?кий This page was last modified on 17 July 2008, at 08:26
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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