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20-September-2008 10:08:30 - Cataplexy Cataplexy Classification and external resources ICD-10 G47.4 ICD-9 347 DiseasesDB 16311 MeSH D002385 Cataplexy is a medical condition which often affects people who have narcolepsy, a disorder whose principal signs are EDS Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations1 and disturbed night-time sleep. Cataplexy is sometimes confused with epilepsy, where a series of flashes or other stimuli cause superficially similar seizures. Cataplexy can also present as a side effect of SSRI Discontinuation Syndrome. The term cataplexy originates from the Greek kata, meaning down, and plexis, meaning a stroke or seizure. Contents 1 Presentation 2 Treatment 3 Diagnosis 4 In the media 5 References 6 External links Presentation Cataplexy manifests itself as muscular weakness which may range from a barely perceptible slackening of the facial muscles to the dropping of the jaw or head, weakness at the knees, or a total collapse. Usually the speech is slurred, vision is impaired double vision, inability to focus, but hearing and awareness remain normal. These attacks are triggered by strong emotions such as exhilaration, anger, fear, surprise, orgasm, awe, embarrassment, and laughter. Cataplexy may be partial or complete, affecting a range of muscle groups, from those controlling facial features to less commonly those controlling the entire body. 2 Arm weakness Sagging jaw Drooping head Slumping of the shoulders Slurred speech Generalized weakness Knee buckling When cataplexy happens often, or cataplexy attacks make patients fall or drop things, it can have serious effects on normal activities. It can cause accidents and be embarrassing when it happens at work or with friends. For example, narcoleptics may not pick up babies because they are afraid they may drop them. 3 Treatment Despite its relation to narcolepsy, in most cases, cataplexy must be treated differently and separate medication must be taken. For many years, cataplexy has been treated with tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, clomipramine or protriptyline. However these can have unpleasant side-effects and so have been generally replaced by newer drugs such as venlafaxine, a more recent antidepressant. Xyrem, the brand-name of the compound sodiumgamma-Hydroxybutyrate GHB, has been shown to treat not only cataplexic attacks, but in narcoleptics, it has also been shown to significantly reduce daytime sleepiness.4 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be used to manage both cataplexy and the REM sleep-onset symptoms of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations.1 A person's efforts to stave off cataplectic attacks by avoiding these emotions may greatly diminish their lives, and they may become severely restricted emotionally if diagnosis and treatment is not begun as soon as possible. 5 Diagnosis Cataplexy in severe cases can cause vital signs to be hard to detect without a continuous auditory pulse oximeter. As an anecdotal example, one June Burchell, a sufferer of severe Cataplexy, has been pronounced dead three times.6 In the media Recently, The Learning Channel TLC aired an episode of My Shocking Story: I Woke Up in a Morgue which detailed several cases of cataplexy. On Tuesday August 5th, 2008 BBC News ran a story about a young woman who collapses when she laughs. In attempts to raise awareness about the condition known as cataplexy. Cataplexy is described as the sudden weakening of the muscles brought on by strong emotions like excitement, anger or laughter.7 References ^ a b Narcolepsy. Childhood Sleep Disorders. Armenian Medical Network 2006. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. ^ Cataplexy. Sleep Disorders - Cataplexy 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. ^ Cataplexy Introduction for Patients. Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. ^ Black J, Houghton WC 2006. Sodium oxybate improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Sleep 29 7: 939-46. PMID 16895262. ^ Narcolepsy and Cataplexy. NODSS Narcolepsy and Overwhelming Daytime Sleep Society of Australia. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. ^ The woman who died three times, The Argus 2000-10-18. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. ^ 1 External links Center for Sleep Research, Siegel Lab, UCLA Narcolepsy Association UK BBC's Article on the condition National Niemann Pick Disease Foundation: Children with Niemann Pick Type C often suffer from cataplexy This medical symptom article is a stub. v d e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS G00-G47, 320-349 Inflammatory Meningitis Arachnoiditis - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated - Tropical spastic paraparesis - Cavernous sinus thrombosis Systemic atrophies Huntington's disease - Spinocerebellar ataxia Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Herary spastic paraplegia - Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman - Kugelberg-Welander - Fazio-Londe - MND ALS, PMA, PBP, PP, PLS Extrapyramidal and movement disorders Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration - Dystonia/Dyskinesia Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm - Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Lafora - Chorea Choreoathetosis - Restless legs - Stiff person Other degenerative/ demyelinating diseases dementia: Alzheimer's - Pick's - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Frontotemporal lobar degeneration mitochondrial disease: Leigh's demyelinating: Multiple sclerosis - Devic's - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis - Marchiafava-Bignami disease - CAMFAK syndrome - Alpers' Seizure/epilepsy Focal - Generalised - Status epilepticus - Myoclonic epilepsy Headache Migraine Familial hemiplegic - Cluster - Vascular - Tension Vascular Transient ischemic attack Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia Cerebrovascular disease MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke Sleep disorders Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea Obstructive, Ondine's curse - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin - Circadian rhythm sleep - Delayed sleep phase - Advanced sleep phase Intracranial hypertension Hydrocephalus Normal pressure - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Other encephalopathy Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's Other spinal cord disease Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Morvan's syndrome - Spinal cord compression Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cataplexy Categories: Sleep | Sleep disorders | Symptoms | Symptom stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans БългарÑ?ки Català Deutsch Español Français Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Svenska This page was last modified on 18 August 2008, at 03:5
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