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30-AUGUST-2008 03:13:07 - Bilberry For other uses, see Bilberry disambiguation. Bilberry Bilberry in flower Bilberry in flower Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus: Vaccinium Species: V. myrtillus Binomial name Vaccinium myrtillus L. Bilberry is a name given to several species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium family Ericaceae that bears fruits. The species most often referred to is Vaccinium myrtillus L., also known as European blueberry, blaeberry, whortleberry, whinberry or winberry, myrtle blueberry, fraughan, and probably other names regionally. They were called black-hearts in 19th century southern England, according to Thomas Hardy's 1878 novel, The Return of the Native, pg. 311, Oxford World's Classics ion. Contents 1 Nomenclature extended 2 Wild and cultivated harvesting 3 Possible medicinal uses 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Nomenclature extended Bilberry fruit Bilberry fruit The word bilberry is also sometimes used in the common names of other species of the genus, including Vaccinium uliginosum L. bog bilberry, bog blueberry, bog whortleberry, bog huckleberry, northern bilberry, Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. dwarf bilberry, Vaccinium deliciosum Piper Cascade bilberry, Vaccinium membranaceum mountain bilberry, black mountain huckleberry, black huckleberry, twin-leaved huckleberry, and Vaccinium ovalifolium oval-leafed blueberry, oval-leaved bilberry, mountain blueberry, high-bush blueberry. Wild and cultivated harvesting Bilberries are found in damp, acidic soils throughout the temperate and subarctic regions of the world. They are closely related to North American wild and cultivated blueberries and huckleberries in the genus Vaccinium. The easiest way to distinguish the bilberry is that it produces single or paired berries on the bush instead of clusters, as the blueberry does. Another way to distinguish them is that while blueberry fruit pulp is light green, bilberry is red or purple, sometimes staining the fingers and lips of consumers eating the raw fruit. Bilberries are seldom cultivated but fruits are collected from wild plants growing on publicly accessible lands, notably Fennoscandia, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, parts of England, Alpine countries, Poland, and northern parts of Russia. Note that in Fennoscandia, Austria, and Switzerland, it is an everyman's right to collect bilberries, irrespective of land ownership, with the exception of private gardens. Bilberries can be picked by a berry-picking rake like lingonberries, but are more susceptible to damage. In Ireland, the fruit is known as fraughan, from the Irish fraochán, and is traditionally gathered on the last Sunday in July, known as Fraughan Sunday. Bilberries were also collected at Lughnassadh in August, the first traditional harvest festival of the year, as celebrated by Gaelic people. The crop of bilberries was said to indicate how well the rest of the crops would fare in their harvests later in the year. The fruits can be eaten fresh, but are more usually made into jams, fools, juices or pies. In France they are used as a base for liqueurs and are a popular flavoring for sorbets and other desserts. In Brittany, they are often used as a flavoring for crêpes, and in the Vosges and the Massif Central bilberry tart tarte aux myrtilles is a traditional dessert. Bilberry is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Vaccinium. Possible medicinal uses Turkey Bilberry Turkey Bilberry Bilberry fruit Bilberry fruit Often associated with improvement of night vision, bilberries are mentioned in a popular story of World War II RAF pilots consuming bilberry jam to sharpen vision for night missions. However, a recent study1 by the U.S. Navy found no such effect and origins of the RAF story cannot be found2. Laboratory studies have provided preliminary evidence that bilberry consumption may inhibit or reverse eye disorders such as macular degeneration3, but this therapeutic use remains unproven in humans. As a deep blue fruit, bilberries contain dense levels of anthocyanin pigments linked experimentally to lowered risk for several diseases4, such as those of the heart and cardiovascular system, eyes and cancer567. In folk medicine, bilberry leaves were used to treat gastrointestinal ailments, applied topically, or made into infusions. Such effects have not been scientifically proven. Wild bilberries collected in Norway. Wild bilberries collected in Norway. See also List of fruits List of vegetables References ^ Muth ER, Laurent JM, Jasper P. The effect of bilberry nutritional supplementation on night visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Apr;52:164-73. Abstract. ^ 1 Bilberry Bombs, WebMD, October 2000 ^ Fursova AZh, Gesarevich OG, Gonchar AM, Trofimova NA, Kolosova NG. Dietary supplementation with bilberry extract prevents macular degeneration and cataracts in senesce-accelerated OXYS rats. Adv Gerontol. 2005;16:76-9. Article in Russian. Abstract. ^ 2 Gross PM. Scientists zero in on health benefits of berry pigments, Natural Products Information Center, July 2007 ^ Bell DR, Gochenaur K. Direct vasoactive and vasoprotective properties of anthocyanin-rich extracts. J Appl Physiol. 2006 Apr;1004:1164-70. Abstract. ^ Chung HK, Choi SM, Ahn BO, Kwak HH, Kim JH, Kim WB. Efficacy of troxerutin on streptozotocin-induced rat model in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy. Arzneimittelforschung. 2005;5510:573-80. Abstract. ^ Roy S, Khanna S, Alessio HM, Vider J, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CK. Anti-angiogenic property of edible berries. Free Radic Res. 2002 Sep;369:1023-31.Abstract. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bilberry Species profile: Blaeberry Bilberry and Herbal Medicine Den virtuelle floran - Distribution Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bilberry Categories: Vaccinium | Alpine flora | Flora of Europe | Flora of Greenland | Flora of Estonia | Flora of the United Kingdom | Flora of Idaho | Medicinal plants Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Català Česky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Français Gaeilge Galego Hrvatski Italiano Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Sámegiella Seeltersk SlovenÄ?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 27 August 2008, at 14:3
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