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30-AUGUST-2008 03:13:07 - Papaya For other uses, see Papaya disambiguation. Papaya Papaya tree and fruit, from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants 1887 Papaya tree and fruit, from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants 1887 Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Caricaceae Genus: Carica Species: C. papaya Binomial name Carica papaya L. The papaya from Carib via Spanish, is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. It is native to the tropics of the Americas, and was cultivated in Mexico several centuries before the emergence of the Mesoamerican classic cultures. It is sometimes called tree melon or pawpaw, but the North American pawpaw is a different species, in the genus Asimina. It is a large tree-like plant, the single stem growing from 5 to 10 meters tall, with spirally arranged leaves confined to the top of the trunk; the lower trunk is conspicuously scarred where leaves and fruit were borne. The leaves are large, 50-70 cm diameter, deeply palmately lobed with 7 lobes. The tree is usually unbranched if unlopped. The flowers are similar in shape to the flowers of the Plumeria but are much smaller and wax like. They appear on the axils of the leaves, maturing into the large 15-45 cm long, 10-30 cm diameter fruit. The fruit is ripe when it feels soft like a ripe avocado or a bit softer and its skin has attained an amber to orange hue. The fruit's taste is vaguely similar to pineapple and peach, although much milder without the tartness. It is the first fruit tree to have its genome deciphered.1 Contents 1 Cultivation and uses of papaya 2 Allergies and side-effects 3 Ethnomedical uses 3.1 Diseases 4 Names in other languages 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Cultivation and uses of papaya Papaya, raw Nutritional value per 100 g 3.5 oz Energy 40 kcal 160 kJ Carbohydrates 9.81 g - Sugars 5.90 g - Dietary fibre 1.8 g Fat 0.14 g Protein 0.61 g Vitamin A equiv. 55 μg 6% - β-carotene 276 μg 3% Thiamin Vit. B1 0.04 mg 3% Riboflavin Vit. B2 0.05 mg 3% Niacin Vit. B3 0.338 mg 2% Vitamin B6 0.1 mg 8% Vitamin C 61.8 mg 103% Calcium 24 mg 2% Iron 0.10 mg 1% Magnesium 10 mg 3% Phosphorus 5 mg 1% Potassium 257 mg 5% Sodium 3 mg 0% Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Originally from southern Mexico, Central America and northern South America, the papaya is now cultivated in most countries with a tropical climate, such as Brazil, India, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines. In Hawaii, two varieties of genetically-modified papayas: SunUp and Rainbow, have been grown by several growers since their development in the 1990s.1 By 2004, non-genetically modified and organic papayas throughout Hawaii had experienced widespread contamination from the genetically-modified varieties.2 The ripe fruit is usually eaten raw, without the skin or seeds. The unripe green fruit of papaya can be eaten cooked, usually in curries, salads and stews. Green papaya fruit and the tree's latex are both rich in an enzyme called papain, a protease which is useful in tenderizing meat and other proteins. Its ability to break down tough meat fibers was utilized for thousands of years by indigenous Americans. It is included as a component in powdered meat tenderizers, and is also marketed in tablet form to remedy digestive problems. Green papaya is used in Thai cuisine, both raw and cooked.2 Papain is also popular in countries where it grows as a topical application in the treatment of cuts, rashes, stings and burns. Papain ointment is commonly made from fermented papaya flesh, and is applied as a gel-like paste. Harrison Ford was treated for a ruptured disc incurred during filming of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom by having papain injected into his back.3 Women in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and other parts of the world have long used papaya as a folk remedy for contraception and abortion.citation needed Medical research in animals has confirmed the contraceptive and abortifacient capability of papaya, and also found that papaya seeds have contraceptive effects in adult male langur monkeys, possibly in adult male humans as well.4 Unripe papaya is especially effective in large amounts or high doses. Papaya is not teratogenic and will not cause miscarriage in small, ripe amounts. Phytochemicals in papaya may suppress the effects of progesterone.5 The black seeds are edible and have a sharp, spicy taste. They are sometimes ground up and used as a substitute for black pepper. In some parts of Asia the young leaves of papaya are steamed and eaten like spinach. The papaya fruit is susceptible to the Papaya Fruit Fly. This wasp-like fly lays its eggs in young fruit. Allergies and side-effects Caution should be taken when harvesting, as papaya is known to release a latex fluid when not quite ripe, which can cause irritation and provoke allergic reaction in some people. The papaya fruit, seeds, latex, and leaves also contains carpaine, an anthelmintic alkaloid which could be dangerous in high doses. Excessive consumption of papaya, as of carrots, can cause carotenemia, the yellowing of soles and palms which is otherwise harmless.citation needed Ethnomedical uses Papaya. Moche Culture. Larco Museum Collection. The Moche often depicted papayas in their ceramics. Papaya. Moche Culture. Larco Museum Collection. The Moche often depicted papayas in their ceramics.6 The mature ripe fruit treats ringworm, green fruits treat high blood pressure, and are used as an aphrodisiac. The fruit can be directly applied topically to skin sores 1. The juice of the fruit specifically the enzymes within it are used to reduce gastrointestinal gas, useful to sufferers of IBS. The seeds are anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and analgesic, and they are used to treat stomachache and fungal infections1. The leaves are used as a heart tonic, analgesic, and to treat stomachache1. The roots are used as an analgesic2. Diseases Main article: List of papaya diseases Names in other languages Assamese - Amita Bengali - PEnPe Bengali: পেà¦?পে, Chinese - mugua 木瓜; literally tree melon Ewe - pawpocitation needed Filipino - Papaya Indonesian - pepaya the word papaya originated from this word Javanese - kates Malay- betik Portuguese - mamão Brazil Sinhala - papol', guslabu literally tree melon Spanish - papaya Cuba - fruta bomba Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela - Lechosa Swahili -Papai Sri Lankan English - papaw Thai - malakau มะละà¸?ภVietnamese - Ä‘u đủ Hindi - papita Marathi - papai Tamil - papaali Telugu - Boppayi Gujarati - Pappayu Malayalam - papaya, omakai Swahili - papayu oriya- Amrut Bhanda.. See also Papaya Coconut, a 1986 hit song by Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson. Sitala Papaya tree Papaya leaf female flowers Papaya Papaya trunk with immature fruit tree and flowers, from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants 1887 Hawaiian papaya with lilies and ginger Tanzanian Papaya tree An Indian papaya tree References ^ University of Granada ^ Green Papaya Salad Recipe - ThaiTable.com ^ Entry on Harrison Ford's back treatment. ^ Lohiya, N. K.; B. Manivannan, P. K. Mishra, N. Pathak, S. Sriram, S. S. Bhande, and S. Panneerdoss March 2002. Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey dead link - Scholar search. Asian Journal of Andrology 4: 17-26. Retrieved on 2006-11-18. ^ Oderinde, O. Abortifacient properties of Carica papaya Linn seeds in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Niger Postgrad Medical Journal. PMID 12163882. ^ Berrin, Katherine Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Carica papaya Fruits of Warm Climates: Papaya and Related Species Carica papaya California Rare Fruit Growers: Papaya Fruit Facts. Papaya Fruit Nutrition Treating Livestock with Medicinal Plants: Beneficial or Toxic? Carica papaya Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Papaya Categories: Crops originating from the Americas | Brassicales | Fruit | Medicinal plants | Tropical agriculture | Abortifacients | Native crops of MexicoHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links since June 2008 | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since March 2007 | Articles with statements since October 2007 | Articles with statements since April 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Bân-lâm-gú БългарÑ?ки Català Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kreyòl ayisyen Lietuvių മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Română Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Suomi Svenska தமிழà¯? తెలà±?à°—à±? ไทย Tiếng Việt faka-Tonga ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 22 August 2008, at 23:50
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