Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
30-AUGUST-2008 03:13:07 - Probiotic Redirected from Probiotics Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. According to the currently adopted definition by FAO/WHO, probiotics are: 'Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'.1 Lactic acid bacteria LAB are the most common type of microbes used. LAB have been used in the food industry for many years, because they are able to convert sugars including lactose and other carbohydrates into lactic acid. This not only provides the characteristic sour taste of fermented dairy foods such as yogurt, but also by lowering the pH may create fewer opportunities for spoilage organisms to grow, hence creating possible health benefits on preventing gastrointestinal infections.2. Strains of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, are the most widely used probiotic bacteria.3 Probiotic bacterial cultures are intended to assist the body's naturally occurring gut flora, an ecology of microbes, to re-establish themselves. They are sometimes recommended by doctors, and, more frequently, by nutritionists, after a course of antibiotics, or as part of the treatment for gut related candidiasis. Claims are made that probiotics strengthen the immune system to combat allergies, excessive alcohol intake, stress, exposure to toxic substances, and other diseases.24 In these cases, the bacteria that work well with our bodies see symbiosis may decrease in number, an event which allows harmful competitors to thrive, to the detriment of our health. Maintenance of a healthy gut flora is, however, dependent on many factors, especially the quality of food intake. Including a significant proportion of prebiotic foods in the diet has been demonstratedcitation needed to support a healthy gut flora and may be another means of achieving the desirable health benefits promised by probiotics. Contents 1 History of probiotics 2 Adverse Effects 3 Potential benefits 3.1 Managing Lactose Intolerance 3.2 Prevention of Colon Cancer 3.3 Cholesterol Lowering 3.4 Lowering Blood Pressure 3.5 Improving Immune Function and Preventing Infections 3.5.1 Helicobacter pylori 3.5.2 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea 3.6 Reducing Inflammation 3.7 Improving Mineral Absorption 3.8 Prevents Harmful Bacterial Growth Under Stress 3.9 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Colitis 4 Synbiotics 5 Strains 6 Research 7 References 8 See also 9 External links History of probiotics Probiotics, which means for life, have been used for centuries as natural components in health-promoting foods. The original observation of the positive role played by certain bacteria was first introduced by Russian scientist and Nobel laureate Eli Metchnikoff, who in the beginning of the 20th century suggested that it would be possible to modify the gut flora and to replace harmful microbes by useful microbes.5 Metchnikoff, at that time a professor at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, produced the notion that the ageing process results from the activity of putrefactive proteolytic microbes producing toxic substances in the large bowel. Proteolytic bacteria such as clostridia, which are part of the normal gut flora, produce toxic substances including phenols, indols and ammonia from the digestion of proteins. According to Metchnikoff these compounds were responsible for what he called intestinal auto-intoxication, which caused the physical changes associated with old age. It was at that time known that milk fermented with lactic-acid bacteria inhibits the growth of proteolytic bacteria because of the low pH produced by the fermentation of lactose. Metchnikoff had also observed that certain rural populations in Europe, for example in Bulgaria and the Russian Steppes who lived largely on milk fermented by lactic-acid bacteria were exceptionally long lived. Based on these facts, Metchnikoff proposed that consumption of fermented milk would seed the intestine with harmless lactic-acid bacteria and decrease the intestinal pH and that this would suppress the growth of proteolytic bacteria. Metchnikoff himself introduced in his diet sour milk fermented with the bacteria he called Bulgarian Bacillus and found his health benefited. Friends in Paris soon followed his example and physicians began prescribing the sour milk diet for their patients.6 Henry Tissier, also from the Pasteur Institute, was the first to isolate a Bifidobacterium. He isolated the bacterium from a breast-fed infant and named it Bacillus bifidus communis.7 This bacterium was later renamed Bifidobacterium bifidum. Tissier showed that bifidobacteria are predominant in the gut flora of breast-fed babies, and he recommended administration of bifidobacteria to infants suffering from diarrhea. The mechanism claimed was that bifidobacteria would displace the proteolytic bacteria that cause the disease. German professor Alfred Nissle, in 1917 isolated a strain of Escherichia coli from the feces of a First World War soldier who did not develop enterocolitis during a severe outbreak of shigellosis.8 In those days, antibiotics were not yet discovered, and Nissle used the strain with considerable success in acute cases of infectious intestinal diseases salmonellosis and shigellosis. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 is still in use and is one of the few examples of a non-LAB probiotic. In 1920 Rettger demonstrated that Metchnikoff's Bulgarian Bacillus, later called Lactobacillus bulgaricus, could not live in the human intestine,9 and the fermented food phenomena petered out. Metchnikoff's theory was disputable at this stage, and people doubted his theory of longevity. After Metchnikoff's death in 1916, the centre of activity moved to the US. It was reasoned that bacteria originating from the gut were more likely to produce the desired effect in the gut, and in 1935 certain strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were found to be very active when implanted in the human digestive tract.10 Trials were carried out using this organism, and encouraging results were obtained especially in the relief of chronic constipation. The term probiotics was first introduced in 1953 by Kollath see Hamilton-Miller et al 2003. Contrasting antibiotics, probiotics were defined as microbially derived factors that stimulate the growth of other microorganisms. In 1989 Roy Fuller suggested a definition of probiotics which has been widely used: A live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance.11 Fuller's definition emphasizes the requirement of viability for probiotics and introduces the aspect of a beneficial effect on the host. In the 1960s the dairy industry began to promote fermented milk products containing Lactobacillus acidophilus.citation needed In subsequent decades other Lactobacillus species have been introduced including Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus johnsonii, because they are intestinal species with beneficial properties.12 Adverse Effects There is no published evidence that probiotic supplements are able to completely replace the body's natural flora when these have been killed off; indeed bacterial levels in faeces disappear within days when supplementation ceases.13 While the oral use of probiotics is considered safe and even recommended by World Health Organization under specific guidelines 1, in some specific situations such as critically ill patients they could be potentially harmful. In one therapeutic clinical trial, a probiotic cocktail have been shown to increase the death rates of patients with acute pancreatitis 14, but was given through tube feeding directly in the intestine instead of the usual oral way since oral re-feeding following acute pancreatitis increases morbidity and mortality. Some other therapeutic use of probiotics have been shown to be beneficial for other types of patients 2, 3. Potential benefits Experiments into the benefits of probiotic therapies suggest a range of potentially beneficial medicinal uses for probiotics. For many of the potential benefits, research is limited and only preliminary results are available. It should be noted that the effects described are not general effects of probiotics. All effects can only be attributed to the strains tested, not to the species, nor to the whole group of LAB or other probiotics.15 Managing Lactose Intolerance As lactic acid bacteria actively convert lactose into lactic acid, ingestion of certain active strains may help lactose intolerant individuals tolerate more lactose than what they would have otherwise.4 In practice probiotics are not specifically targeted for this purpose, as most are relatively low in lactase activity as compared to the normal yogurt bacteria. Prevention of Colon Cancer In laboratory investigations, some strains of LAB have demonstrated anti-mutagenic effects thought to be due to their ability to bind with heterocyclic amines, which are carcinogenic substances formed in cooked meat.16 Animal studies have demonstrated that some LAB can protect against colon cancer in rodents, though human data is limited and conflicting.17 Most human trials have found that the strains tested may exert anti-carcinogenic effects by decreasing the activity of an enzyme called β-glucuronidase17 which can generate carcinogens in the digestive system. Lower rates of colon cancer among higher consumers of fermented dairy products have been observed in some population studies.4 Cholesterol Lowering Animal studies have demonstrated the efficacy of a range of LAB to be able to lower serum cholesterol levels, presumably by breaking down bile in the gut, thus inhibiting its reabsorption which enters the blood as cholesterol. Some, but not all human trials have shown that dairy foods fermented with specific LAB can produce modest reductions in total and LDL cholesterol levels in those with normal levels to begin with, however trials in hyperlipidemic subjects are needed.4 Lowering Blood Pressure Several small clinical trials have shown that consumption of milk fermented with various strains of LAB can result in modest reductions in blood pressure. It is thought that this is due to the ACE inhibitor-like peptides produced during fermentation.4 Improving Immune Function and Preventing Infections LAB are thought to have several presumably beneficial effects on immune function. They may protect against pathogens by means of competitive inhibition i.e., by competing for growth and there is evidence to suggest that they may improve immune function by increasing the number of IgA-producing plasma cells, increasing or improving phagocytosis as well as increasing the proportion of T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells.1819 Clinical trials have demonstrated that probiotics may decrease the incidence of respiratory tract infections20 and dental caries in children.21 LAB foods and supplements have been shown to be effective in the treatment and prevention of acute diarrhea, and in decreasing the severity and duration of rotavirus infections in children and travelers' diarrhea in adults.1819 Helicobacter pylori LAB are also thought to aid in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections which cause peptic ulcers in adults when used in combination with standard medical treatments.22 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea A meta-analysis suggested probiotics may reduce antibiotic-associated diarrhea.23 A subsequent randomized controlled trial also found benefit in elderly patients.24 Reducing Inflammation LAB foods and supplements have been found to modulate inflammatory and hypersensitivity responses, an observation thought to be at least in part due to the regulation of cytokine function.18 Clinical studies suggest that they can prevent reoccurrences of inflammatory bowel disease in adults,18 as well as improve milk allergies25 and decrease the risk of atopic eczema in children.26 Improving Mineral Absorption It is hypothesized that probiotic lactobacilli may help correct malabsorption of trace minerals, found particularly in those with diets high in phytate content from whole grains, nuts, and legumes.27 Prevents Harmful Bacterial Growth Under Stress In a study done to see the effects of stress on intestinal flora, rats that were fed probiotics had little occurrence of harmful bacteria latched onto their intestines compared to rats that were fed sterile water.28 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Colitis B. infantis 35624, sold as Align, was found to improve some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in women in a recent study.29 Another probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum 299V, was also found to be effective in reducing IBS symptoms.30 Additionally, a probiotic formulation, VSL3, was found to be effective in treating ulcerative colitis.31 Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 may help.32 Synbiotics It is also possible to increase and maintain a healthy bacterial gut flora by increasing the amounts of prebiotics in the diet such as inulin, raw oats, and unrefined wheat.citation needed As probiotics are mainly active in the small intestine and prebiotics are only effective in the large intestine,33 the combination of the two may give a synergistic effect. Appropriate combinations of pre- and probiotics are synbiotics. Synbiotics have also been defined as metabolites produced by ecoorgan or by synergistic action of prebiotics and probiotics e.g. short chain fatty acids, other fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, polyamines, carbohydrates, vitamins, numerous antioxidants and phytosterols, growth factors, coagulation factors, various signal molecules such as cytokine-like bacteriokines.citation needed Strains The most common form for probiotics are dairy products and probiotic fortified foods. However, tablets, capsules, powders and sachets containing the bacteria in freeze dried form are also available. Proven probiotic strains. Source:34 Strain Brandname Producer Proven effect in humans Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Chr. Hansen Immune stimulation, improves phagocytic activity, alleviates atopic eczema, prevents diarrhoea in children and traveller's diarrhoeacitation needed Bifidobacterium breve Yakult Bifiene Yakult Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 Align Procter Gamble citation needed Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 DR10 Howaru Bifido Danisco Immune stimulationcitation needed Bifidobacterium longum BB536 Morinaga Milk Industry positive effects against allergiescitation needed Escherichia coli M-17 ProBactrix BioBalance Combats pouchitis, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, celiac disease, IBD, and C. difficile infections, as well as diarrhea caused by antibiotics, chemotherapy, and travel.citation needed Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Mutaflor Ardeypharm Immune stimulationcitation needed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 Chr. Hansen Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Danisco reduces symptoms of lactose intolerance, prevents bacterial overgrowth in small intestinecitation needed Lactobacillus casei DN114-001 Lactobacillus casei Immunitass/Defensis Actimel/DanActive Danone Diarrhea and allergy reduction, immune stimulation, reduction of duration of winter infections, H. pylori eradication, antibiotic associated diarrhea C. difficile infections see Actimelcitation needed Lactobacillus casei CRL431 Chr. Hansen Lactobacillus casei F19 Cultura Arla Foods Improves digestive health, immune stimulation, reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, induces satiety, metabolizes body fat, reduces weight gain35 Lactobacillus casei Shirota Yakult Yakult Maintenance of gut flora, immune modulation, bowel habits and constipation see Yakultcitation needed Lactobacillus paracasei St11 or NCC246136 Lactobacillus fortis Nestlé Designed for children Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 = Lactobacillus LC1 Nestlé Immune stimulation, active against Helicobacter pylori Lactococcus lactis L1A Norrmejerier Immune stimulation, improves digestive health, reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea37 Lactobacillus plantarum 299V GoodBelly / ProViva/ TuZen NextFoods Probi Ferring IBS, used post-operative, immune stimulationcitation needed Lactobacillus reuteri ATTC 55730 Lactobacillus reuteri SD2112 BioGaia Biologics Immune stimulation, against diarrhoeacitation needed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53013 discovered by Gorbach Goldin=LGG Vifit and others Valio Immune stimulation, alleviates atopic eczema, prevents diarrhoea in children and many other types of diarrhoeacitation needed Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21 Verum Norrmejerier Immune stimulation, improves digestive health, reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea37 Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 positive effects with intestinal ulcers and inflammationcitation needed Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii lyo DiarSafe and others Wren Laboratories and others against antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile infections; to treat acute diarrhoea in adults children.38.39.40 tested as mixture: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 Bion Flore Intime Jarrow Fem-Dophilus Chr. Hansen Oral ingestion results in vaginal colonisation and prevention of vaginitis 41 tested as mixture: mixture of 8 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus four Lactobacillus spp three Bifidobacterium spp strains VSL#3 Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc. positive effects with intestinal ulcers and inflammationcitation needed tested as mixture: Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60 Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL 20 reduction of Cl. difficile in faecescitation needed tested as mixture: Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 A'Biotica and others Institut Rosell prevents diarrhoea in children, prevents upset stomachs for patients on antibiotics.42, active against Helicobacter pylori Some commonly used bacteria in products, but without probiotic effect yoghurt bacteria: Lactobacillus bulgaricus Streptococcus thermophilus Some other bacteria mentioned in probiotic products: Bacillus coagulans Lactobacillus bifidus - became new genus Bifidobacterium Some fermented products containing similar lactic acid bacteria include: Pickled vegetables43, 44, 45 Fermented bean paste such as tempeh, miso and doenjang Kefircitation needed Kimchi 44, 46 Kombuchacitation needed Pao caicitation needed Sauerkraut47 Soy sauce48 Tempeh49 Zha caicitation needed Research Research about probiotics shows both benefits and harm. A 2007 study at University College Cork in Ireland showed that a diet including milk fermented with Lactobacillus bacteria prevented Salmonella infection in pigs.50 A 2007 clinical study at Imperial College London showed that preventive consumption of a commercially available probiotic drink containing L casei DN-114001, L bulgaricus, and S thermophilus can reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and C difficile-associated diarrhea.24 In a double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic study on the effects of a probiotic cocktail on pancreatitis at University Medical Center Utrecht UMC, 24 out of 296 patients died between 2004 and 2007, with more deaths among those receiving the probiotic cocktail directly in the intestine. According to the spokesman of UMC, it is likely that some of these deaths would not have occurred without the probiotics51, although other therapeutic trials conducted on probiotics were more positively conclusive 4. References ^ FAO/WHO 2001 Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. ^ a b Nichols, Andrew W. 2007. Probiotics and athletic performance: A systematic review. Current Sports Medicine Reports 6 4: 269-273. Current Medicine Group LLC. doi:10.1007 inactive 2008-06-21. Retrieved on 6 November 2007. ^ Tannock G or. 2005. Probiotics and Prebiotics: Scientific Aspects, 1st ed., Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-01-8 . ^ a b c d e Sanders ME. Considerations for use of probiotic bacteria to modulate human health. J Nutr. 2000;130:384S-390S. Entrez PubMed 10721912 ^ Metchnikoff, E. 1907. Essais optimistes. Paris. The prolongation of life. Optimistic studies. Translated and ed by P. Chalmers Mitchell. London: Heinemann, 1907. ^ Vaughan RB. 1965. The romantic rationalist: A study of Elie Metchnikoff. Med Hist. 9:201-15. ^ Tissier, H. 1900. Recherchers sur la flora intestinale normale et pathologique du nourisson. Thesis, University of Paris, Paris, France. ^ Nissle, A. 1918. Die antagonistische Behandlung chronischer Darmstörungen mit Colibakterien. Med Klin 1918, 2:29-30. ^ Cheplin, H.A., and L.F. Rettger, 1920. Studies on the transformation of the intestinal flora, with special reference to the implantation of Bacillus acidophilus, II. Feeding experiments of man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1920 December; 612: 704-705. ^ Rettger, L.F., W.N. Levy, L. Weinstein, and J.E. Weiss. 1935. Lactobacillus acidophilus and its therapeutic application. Yale University Press, New Haven. ^ Fuller, R. 1989. Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteroil. 66:365-378. ^ Tannock, G.W. 2003. Probiotics: Time for a dose of realism. Curr. Intest. Microbiol. 4:33-42. ^ Gut Reactions programme 3 ^ Beselink, MGM. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet 14 Feb 2008. ^ Gilliland SE, Walker DK Apr 1990. Factors to consider when selecting a culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct to produce a hypocholesterolemic effect in humans. J Dairy Sci 734: 905-11. PMID 2111831. ^ Wollowski I, Rechkemmer G, Pool-Zobel BL. Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:451S-455S. Entrez PubMed 11157356 ^ a b Brady LJ, Gallaher DD, Busta FF. The role of probiotic cultures in the prevention of colon cancer. J Nutr. 2000;130:410S-414S. Entrez PubMed 10721916 ^ a b c d Reid G, Jass J, Sebulsky MT, McCormick JK. Potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16:658-72. Entrez PubMed 14557292 ^ a b Ouwehand AC, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;82:279-89. Entrez PubMed 12369194 ^ Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Ponka A, Meurman JH, Poussa T, Nase L, Saxelin M, Korpela R. Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. BMJ. 2001;322:1327 Entrez PubMed 11387176 ^ Nase L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Ponka A, Poussa T, Korpela R, Meurman JH. Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res. 2001;35:412-20. Entrez PubMed 11799281 ^ Hamilton-Miller JM. The role of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2003;22:360-366. Entrez PubMed 14522098 ^ Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC, Bartolozzi F, Capelli G, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1461-1467 Entrez PubMed 12182746 ^ a b Hickson M, D'Souza AL, Muthu N, et al 2007. Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhea associated with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 335 7610: 80. doi:10.1136/bmj.39231.599815.55. PMID 17604300. ^ Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36:223-227 Entrez PubMed 12548058 ^ Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Poussa T, Arvilommi H, Isolauri E. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1869-1871. Entrez PubMed 12788576 ^ Famularo G, De Simone C, Pandey V, Sahu AR, Minisola G. Probiotic lactobacilli: an innovative tool to correct the malabsorption syndrome of vegetarians? Med Hypotheses. 2005;656:1132-5. Entrez PubMed 16095846 ^ Hitti, Miranda April 25, 2006. Probiotics May Help Stressed Gut. WebMD. Retrieved on 2006-10-24. ^ Whorwell PJ, Altringer L, Morel J, Bond Y, Charbonneau D, O'Mahony L, Kiely B, Shanahan F, Quigley EM. July, 2006. Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol.. Retrieved on 2007-12-02. ^ Niedzielin K, Kordecki H, Birkenfeld B 2001. A controlled, double-blind, randomized study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum 299V in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 10: 1143-7. doi:10.1097/00042737-200110000-00004. ^ Kerr, Martha May 21, 2003. Probiotics Significantly Reduce Symptoms of IBS, Ulcerative Colitis. Retrieved on 2006-06-12. ^ Guyonnet D, Chassany O, Ducrotte P, et al 2007. Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 on the health-related quality of life and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 26 3: 475-86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03362.x inactive 2008-06-21. PMID 17635382. ^ Glenn R. Gibson and Marcel B. Roberfroid ; Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics. Journal of Nutrition Vol. 125 No. 6 June 1995, pp. 1401-1412. ^ Sanders ME. Probiotics, strains matter. Functional foods nutraceuticals magazine 2007; June; pp. 36-41 ^ Burrington, Kimberlee J. 2007-09-05. All-Pro Probiotics. Virgo Publishing. Retrieved on 2007-10-25. ^ Sarker SA, Sultana S, Fuchs GJ, Alam NH, Azim T, Brüssow H, Hammarström L. Lactobacillus paracasei strain ST11 has no effect on rotavirus but ameliorates the outcome of nonrotavirus diarrhea in children from Bangladesh. Pediatrics. 2005 Aug;1162:e221-8. Epub 2005 Jul 1. ^ a b Nyttiga bakterier bringar ordning i oroliga sommarmagar in Swedish. Norrmejerier 2003-07-01. Retrieved on 2007-08-25. ^ Hochter, W. et al. Saccharomyces boulardii in acute adult diarrhea. Efficacy and tolerance of treatment. Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 132 12: 188-192. ^ Cetina-Sauri, G. Basto, S.. Therapeutic evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Annales de Pediatrie 41 6: 397-400. ^ Kurugol, Z. Koturoglu, G. 2005. Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Acta Paediatrica 94: 44-47. doi:10.1080/08035250410022521. ^ Anukam K, Osazuwa E, Ahonkhai I, Ngwu M, Osemene G, Bruce AW, Reid G 2006 May. Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.. Microbes Infect.. Retrieved on 2008-07-21. ^ Kocian, J. Lactobacilli in the treatment of dyspepsia due to dysmicrobia of various causes. Vnitr Lek. 1994 Feb;402:79-83. Entrez PubMed 8140765 ^ Seseña, S.; M.Ll. Palop 2007. An ecological study of lactic acid bacteria from Almagro eggplant fermentation brines. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103 5: 1553-1561. Blackwell Publishing. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03387.x. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ a b Breidt, Jr, Frederick et al. 2007. Fermented Vegetables. ASM Press. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ Ji, Feng-Di et al. 2007. Note. Microbial Changes During the Salting Process of Traditional Pickled Chinese Cabbage. Food Science and Technology International 13 1: 11-16. SAGE Publications. doi:10.1177/1082013207075952. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ Oh, Chang-Kyung et al. 2004. The Depletion of Sodium Nitrite by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kimchi. Journal of Medicinal Food 7 1: 38-44. Mary Ann Liebert. doi:10.1089/109662004322984680. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ Sybesma, Wilbert et al. 2006. Safe use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria in food. Bridging the gap between consumers, green groups, and industry. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9 4. Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaÃso. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ Tanasupawat, Somboon et al. 2002. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from soy sauce mash in Thailand. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 48 4: 201-209. The Microbiology Research Foundation. Retrieved on 6 November 2007. ^ Moreno, M.R.F. et al. 2002. Microbial analysis of Malaysian tempeh, and characterization of two bacteriocins produced by isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Journal of Applied Microbiology 92 1: 147-157. The Microbiology Research Foundation. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01509.x. Retrieved on 7 November 2007. ^ Probiotics may protect against food poisoning ^ 24 Doden bij Nederlands wetenschappelijk onderzoek 24 dead in Dutch scientific research. Nu.nl, 23 January 2008. See also Prebiotic nutrition External links Probiotics: Considerations for Human Health Getting To Know Friendly Bacteria How to choose a proper probiotic Health Implications of Yoghurt and Lactic Acid Bacteria Consumers Guide GutFlora.org: New developments and general information on probiotics Making Sense of Probiotics Probiotics: Friendly Bacteria With a Host of Benefits Information on Probiotics Consumer reviews of probiotics v d e Dietary supplements Types Amino acids Bodybuilding supplement Energy drink Energy bar Fatty acids Herbal Supplements Minerals Prebiotics Probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Vitamins Whole food supplements Vitamins and minerals Retinol Vitamin A B vitamins: Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Pantothenic acid B5 Pyridoxine B6 Biotin B7 Folic acid B9 Cyanocobalamin B12 Ascorbic acid Vitamin C Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol Vitamin D Tocopherol Vitamin E Naphthoquinone Vitamin K Calcium Choline Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Other common ingredients Carnitine Chondroitin sulfate Cod liver oil Copper gluconate Creatine/Creatine supplements Dietary fiber Elemental calcium Ephedra Fish oil Folic acid Ginseng Glucosamine Glutamine Iron supplements Japanese Honeysuckle Krill oil Lingzhi Linseed oil Melatonin Red yeast rice Royal jelly Saw palmetto Spirulina Taurine Wheatgrass Wolfberry Yohimbine Zinc gluconate Related articles Codex Alimentarius Enzyte Metabolife Hadacol Nutraceutical Multivitamin Nutrition Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Probiotic Categories: Bacteriology | Digestive system | Probiotics | MicrobiologyHidden categories: Pages with DOIs broken since 2008 | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since October 2007 | Articles with statements since November 2007 | Articles with statements since March 2007 | Articles with statements since May 2008 | Articles with statements since July 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Deutsch Español Ù?ارسی Français Galego í•œêµì–´ Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina Suomi ไทย УкраїнÑ?ька This page was last modified on 16 August 2008, at 04:46
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.