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16-September-2008 16:15:12 - Abdication Look up abdication in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Napoleon's abdication Napoleon's abdication Abdication from the Latin abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, away from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one is the act of renouncing and resigning from a formal office, especially from the supreme office of state. In Roman law the term was also applied to the disowning of a family member, as the disinheriting of a son. The term commonly applies to monarchs, or those who have been formally crowned. A similar term for an elected or appointed official is resignation. Contents 1 Abdications in western classical antiquity 2 The British Crown 3 Modern abdications 4 List 5 Notes 6 See also 7 References Abdications in western classical antiquity Among the most memorable abdications of antiquity were those of Lucius Cornelius Sulla the Dictator in 79 BC, Emperor Diocletian in AD 305, and Emperor Romulus Augustulus in AD 476. The British Crown Probably the most famous abdication in recent memory is that of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom in 1936. Edward abdicated the British throne in order to marry American divorcée Wallis Simpson, over the objections of the British establishment, the governments of the Commonwealth, the royal family and the Church of England. See Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII. This was also the first time in history that the British crown was surrendered entirely voluntarily. Richard II of England, for example, was forced to abdicate after the throne was seized by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, while Richard was out of the country. When James II of England, after throwing the Great Seal of the Realm into the Thames, fled to France in 1688, he did not formally resign the crown, and the question was discussed in Parliament whether he had forfeited the throne or had abdicated. The latter designation was agreed upon, for, in a full assembly of the Lords and Commons, it was resolved in spite of James's protest that King James II having endeavoured to subvert the constitution of the kingdom, by breaking the original contract between king and people, and, by the advice of Jesuits and other wicked persons, having violated the fundamental laws, and having withdrawn himself out of this kingdom, has abdicated the government, and that the throne is thereby vacant. The Scottish parliament pronounced a decree of forfeiture and deposition. Because the title to the Crown depends upon statute, particularly the Act of Settlement 1701, a Royal Abdication can only be effected by an Act of Parliament; under the terms of the Statute of Westminster 1931, such an act must be passed by the parliament of all sixteen Commonwealth realms. To give legal effect to the abdication of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 was passed. Modern abdications Historically, if a monarch abdicated it was seen as a profound and shocking abandonment of royal duty. As a result, abdications usually only occurred in the most extreme circumstances of political turmoil or violence. This has changed in a small number of countries: the monarchs of the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Cambodia have abdicated as a result of old age. Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein recently made his son regent, an act which amounted to an abdication in fact if not in law. List The following is a list of important abdications: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 510 BC Roman Monarchy dissolved Lucius Cornelius Sulla 79 BC Diocletian AD 305 Romulus Augustulus 476 Western Roman Empire dissolved Pope Benedict IX 1048 Isaac I Comnenus 1059 Emperor Huizong of Song China January 18, 1126 Albert I of Brandenburg 1169 Ladislaus III of Poland 1206 Pope Celestine V December 13, 1294 John Baliol of Scotland 1296 John Cantacuzene, emperor of the East 1355 Richard II of England September 29, 1399 Baldassare Cossa, Antipope John XXIII 1415 Erik VII of Denmark, XIII of Sweden 1439 Amadeus VIII of Savoy 1440 Murad II, Ottoman Sultan 1444 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1 1555/1556 Christina of Sweden June 6, 1654 Mary Queen of Scots July 24, 1567 John Casimir of Poland 1668 Frederick Augustus of Poland September 24, 1706 Philip V of Spain 14 January 1724 Victor Amadeus of Sardinia 3 September 1730 Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan 1 October 1730 Charles of Naples on accession to throne of Spain 6 October 1759 Stanislaus II of Poland 7 January 1795 Qianlong Emperor of China February 9, 1796 Charles Emanuel IV, King of Sardinia June 4, 1802 Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor August 6, 1806 Charles IV, King of Spain March 19, 1808 Joseph Napoleon, King of Naples June 6, 1808 Gustav IV Adolf, King of Sweden March 29, 1809 Louis Napoleon, King of Holland July 2, 1810 Napoleon I, Emperor of the French April 4, 1814, and again June 22, 1815 Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia March 13, 1821 Charles X, King of France August 2, 1830 Pedro IV, King of Portugal 2 May 28, 1826 Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil 2 April 7, 1831 Miguel, King of Portugal May 26, 1834 William I, King of the Netherlands October 7, 1840 Louis Philippe, King of the French February 24, 1848 Ludwig I, King of Bavaria March 21, 1848 Ferdinand, Emperor of Austria December 2, 1848 Charles II, Duke of Parma March 14, 1849 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia March 23, 1849 Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany July 21, 1859 Isabella II, Queen of Spain June 25, 1870 Amadeo I, King of Spain February 11, 1873 Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria September 7, 1886 Milan, King of Serbia March 6, 1889 LiliÊ»uokalani, Queen of HawaiÊ»i January 17, 1893 monarchy abolished Sunjong, Emperor of Korea August 29, 1910 monarchy abolished Xuantong Emperor of China February 12, 1912 monarchy abolished Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia March 15, 1917 monarchy abolished Ferdinand I, Tsar of the Bulgarians October 3, 1918 William II, German Emperor November 9, 1918 monarchy abolished Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg January 14, 1919 Prajadhipok, King of Siam March 2, 1935 Edward VIII, King of Great Britain and Ireland December 11, 1936 Carol II, King of Romania September 6, 1940 Bảo Ä?ại, Emperor of Vietnam April 25, 1945 Feudal Dynasty dissolved Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy May 9, 1946 Michael, King of Romania December 30, 1947 monarchy abolished Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands September 4, 1948 Léopold III, King of the Belgians July 16, 1951 Farouk, King of Egypt July 26, 1952 Talal, King of Jordan August 11, 1952 Fuad II, King of Egypt June 18, 1953 Monarchy abolished Saud, King of Saudi Arabia November 2, 1964 Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg November 12, 1964 Omar Ali Saifuddin, Sultan of Brunei October 4, 1967 Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands April 30, 1980 Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg October 7, 2000 Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein3 August 15, 2004 Made his son regent Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia October 7, 2004 Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait January 23, 2006 Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan December 15, 2006 Made his son King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal May 28, 2008 Monarchy abolished Notes 1Charles abdicated as lord of the Netherlands October 25, 1555 and king of Spain January 16, 1556, in favor of his son Philip II of Spain. Also in 1556 he separately voluntarily abdicated his German possessions and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. ²Pedro IV of Portugal and Pedro I of Brazil were the same person. He was already Emperor of Brazil when he succeeded to the throne of Portugal in 1826, but abdicated it at once in favour of his daughter Maria II of Portugal. Later he abdicated the throne of Brazil in favor of his son Pedro II. ³Hans-Adam II made his son Alois regent, effectively abdicating; however, he still remains the formal Head of State. See also Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Abdication. Lists of incumbents List of monarchs who lost their thrones or abdicated in the 20th century Papal abdication The Great Abdication References Public domain 1911 ion of The New Century Book of Facts published by the King-Richardson Company, Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Abdication Categories: Monarchy Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Bosanski БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Galego Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÄ?ina Svenska УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 25 July 2008, at 19:19
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