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16-September-2008 16:15:13 - Abessive case Redirected from Abessive In linguistics, abessive abbreviated ABESS, from Latin abesse to be distant, caritive and privative abbreviated PRIV are names for a grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun. In English, the corresponding function is expressed by the preposition without or by the suffix -less. The name abessive is derived from Latin abesse to be away/absent, and is especially used in reference to Finno-Ugric languages. The name caritive is derived from Latin carere to lack, and is especially used in reference to Caucasian languages. The name privative is derived from Latin privare to deprive. Contents 1 In Afro-Asiatic Languages 1.1 Somali 2 In Australian languages 2.1 Martuthunira 3 In Caucasian languages 4 In Finno-Ugric languages 4.1 Finnish 4.2 Estonian 4.3 Skolt Sami 4.4 Inari Sami 4.5 Other Sami languages 5 In Altaic Languages 5.1 Turkish 6 See also 7 References 8 External links In Afro-Asiatic Languages Somali In the Somali language, the abessive case is marked by -laa or -la and dropping all but the first syllable on certain words For example: jeceyl love jeelaa loveless dar clothes darla clothesless eg naked In Australian languages Martuthunira In Martuthunira, the privative case is formed with two suffixes, -wirriwa and -wirraa. What determines which suffix is used in a given situation is unclear. Parla-wirraa nganarna. money-PRIV 1PL.EX We've got no money. In Caucasian languages Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. May 2008 In Finno-Ugric languages Finnish In the Finnish language, the abessive case is marked by -tta for back vowels and -ttä for front vowels according to vowel harmony. For example: raha money rahatta without money An equivalent construction exists using the word ilman and the partitive: ilman rahaa without money or, more uncommonly: rahaa ilman without money The abessive case of nouns is rarely used in writing and even less in speech, although some abessive forms are more common than their equivalent ilman forms: tuloksetta unsuccessfully, fruitlessly Itkin syyttä. I cried for no reason. The abessive is, however, commonly used in nominal forms of verbs formed with the affix -ma- / -mä-, such as puhu-ma-tta without speaking, osta-ma-tta without buying, välittä-mä-ttä without caring: Juna jäi tulematta. The train didn't show up. This form can often be replaced by using the negative form of the verb: Juna ei tullut. It is possible to occasionally hear what is wrong usage of the abessive in Finnish, where the abessive and ilman forms are combined: ilman rahatta There is debate as to if this is interference from Estonian. Estonian Estonian also uses the abessive, which is marked by -ta in both the singular and the plural: ilma autota without a car preposition ilma is considered a mistake against textual style Tallinn boasts a pair of bars that play on the use of the comitative and abessive, the Nimeta baar the pub with no name and the Nimega baar the pub with a name. The nominal forms of verbs are marked with the affix -ma- and the abessive marker -ta: Rong jäi tulemata. The train didn't show up. Skolt Sami The abessive marker for nouns in Skolt Sámi is -tää in both the singular and the plural: Riâkkum veä'rtää. I cried for no reason. The abessive-like non-finite verb form converb is -ǩâni or -kani: Son vuõ'lji domoi mainsteǩâni mõ'nt leäi puättam. He/she went home without saying why he/she had come. Unlike in Finnish, the abessive is still commonly used in Skolt Sámi. Inari Sami The abessive marker for nouns in Inari Sámi is -táá. The corresponding non-finite verb form is -hánnáá, -hinnáá or -hennáá. Other Sami languages The abessive is not used productively in the Western Sámi languages, although it may occur as a cranberry morpheme. In Altaic Languages Turkish The suffix -siz variations: -sız,-suz,-süz is used. Ex: Evsiz, barksız, görgüsüz, yurtsuz. See also Essive case Inessive case References Dench, Alan Charles 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125. ISBN 0-85883-422-7. External links Glossary of linguistic terms - What is abessive case? v d e Grammatical cases Declension List of cases Morphosyntactic alignment Cases Basic Absolutive Accusative Direct Ergative Intransitive Nominative Oblique Adpositional Ablative Antessive Dative Distributive -temporal Essive -formal, -modal Formal Genitive Instructive Instrumental -comitative Ornative Possessed Possessive Postpositional Prepositional Prolative Prosecutive Proximative Sociative Temporal Vialis Locative Ablative Adessive Allative Apudessive Associative Comitative Delative Elative Exessive Illative Inelative Inessive Intrative Lative Locative Perlative Subessive Sublative Superessive Superlative Terminative Translative Comparative Comparative Equative Evaluative Aversive Benefactive Evitative Other Abessive Addirective Adelative Adverbial Caritive Causal -final Final Modal Multiplicative Partitive Pegative Privative Postelative Postdirective Postessive Separative Subdirective Suppressive Vocative Fictional Dedative Declensions Czech English Finnish German Irish Latin Latvian Lithuanian Old English Serbian Slovak Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Abessive_case Categories: Grammatical casesHidden categories: Articles to be expanded since May 2008 | All articles to be expanded Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки Català Deutsch Español Estremeñu Français Italiano ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 3 August 2008, at 23:29
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