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16-September-2008 16:15:13 - Acanthosis nigricans November 2007 Acanthosis nigricans Classification and external resources ICD-10 L83. ICD-9 701.2 OMIM 100600 DiseasesDB 58 MedlinePlus 000852 eMedicine derm/1 MeSH C17.800.621.430.530.100 Acanthosis nigricans is a brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin, usually present in the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the axilla, groin, umbilicus, and other areas. Contents 1 Causes 2 Signs and Tests 3 Treatment 4 Prognosis 5 External links 6 References Causes This occurs due to insulin spillover from excessive production due to obesity or insulin resistance into the skin which results in abnormal growth being observed. The most common cause would be insulin resistance, usually from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other causes are familial, obesity, drug-induced, malignant gastric cancer, idiopathic, and Polycystic ovary syndrome. In the context of a malignant disease, Acanthosis nigricans is a paraneoplastic syndrome and is then commonly referred to as Acanthosis nigricans maligna. Involvement of mucous membranes is rare and suggests a coexisting malignant condition.1 Signs and Tests Physicians can usually diagnose acanthosis nigricans by simply looking at a patient's skin. A skin biopsy may be needed in unusual cases. If no clear cause of acanthosis nigricans is obvious, it may be necessary to search for one. Blood tests, an endoscopy, or x-rays may be required to eliminate the possibility of diabetes or cancer as the cause. Treatment People with acanthosis nigricans should be screened for diabetes and, although rare, cancer. Controlling blood glucose levels through exercise and diet often improves symptoms. Prognosis Acanthosis nigricans often fades if the underlying cause can be determined and treated appropriately. External links Photo - neck AOCD 00001 at CHORUS References ^ Schnopp C, Baumstark J 2007. Oral acanthosis nigricans. N Engl J Med 357 9: e10. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm062917. PMID 17761587. v d e Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue integumentary system L, 680-709 Infections Staphylococcus Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Impetigo, Boil, Carbuncle - Cellulitis Paronychia - Acute lymphadenitis - Pilonidal cyst - Corynebacterium Erythrasma Bullous disorders acantholysis Pemphigus, Transient acantholytic dermatosis - Pemphigoid Bullous pemphigoid, Mucous membrane pemphigoid - Dermatitis herpetiformis Inflammatory Dermatitis and eczema Atopic dermatitis - Seborrhoeic dermatitis Dandruff, Cradle cap - Contact dermatitis Diaper rash, Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis - Erythroderma - Lichen simplex chronicus/Prurigo nodularis - Itch Pruritus ani - Nummular dermatitis - Dyshidrosis - Pityriasis alba Papulosquamous disorders Psoriasis Psoriatic arthritis - Parapsoriasis Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, Pityriasis lichenoides chronica, Lymphomatoid papulosis - other pityriasis Pityriasis rosea, Pityriasis rubra pilaris - other lichenoid Lichen planus, Lichen nitidus Urticaria and erythema Urticaria Dermatographic urticaria, Cholinergic urticaria Erythema Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Erythema nodosum, Erythema annulare centrifugum, Erythema marginatum Radiation-related disorders Sunburn - Actinic keratosis - Polymorphous light eruption - Radiodermatitis - Erythema ab igne Pigmentation disorder hypopigmentation Albinism, Vitiligo - hyperpigmentation Melasma, Freckle, Café au lait spot, Lentigo/Liver spot, Acanthosis nigricans Other keratosis Seborrheic keratosis, Callus - other epidermal thickening Ichthyosis acquisita, Palmoplantar keratoderma skin ulcer Pyoderma gangrenosum, Bedsore atrophic Lichen sclerosus, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans necrobiosis Granuloma annulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica - other granuloma Granuloma faciale, Pyogenic granuloma vasculitis Livedoid vasculitis, Erythema elevatum diutinum Keloid - Systemic lupus erythematosus - Morphea - Calcinosis cutis - Sclerodactyly - Ainhum Disorders of skin appendages Nail Ingrown nail - Onychogryposis - Beau's lines - Yellow nail syndrome - Leukonychia Hair hair loss: Alopecia areata Alopecia totalis, Alopecia universalis, Ophiasis - Androgenic alopecia - Hypotrichosis - Telogen effluvium - Traction alopecia - Lichen planopilaris - Trichorrhexis nodosa other follicular disorders: Hypertrichosis Hirsutism - Acne vulgaris - Rosacea Perioral dermatitis, Rhinophyma - follicular cysts Epidermoid cyst, Sebaceous cyst, Steatocystoma multiplex - Pseudofolliculitis barbae - Hidradenitis suppurativa - Folliculitis Sweat glands eccrine Miliaria, Anhidrosis - apocrine Body odor, Chromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease see also congenital, neoplasia v d e Paraneoplastic syndromes Mucocutaneous Dermatomyositis · Leser-Trélat sign · Acanthosis nigricans · Necrolytic migratory erythema · Sweet's syndrome · Pyoderma gangrenosum Neurological Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration · Encephalomyelitis · Limbic encephalitis · Opsoclonus · Polymyositis · Transverse myelitis · Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome Hematological Granulocytosis Endocrine Hypercalcaemia · SIADH · Zollinger-Ellison syndrome This dermatology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans Categories: Dermatology | Medical signs | Medical conditions related to obesity | Dermatology stubsHidden category: Articles needing additional references from November 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français Italiano Nederlands Polski Português СрпÑ?ки / Srpski This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 03:31
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