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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
16-September-2008 16:15:14 - Acetal For the plastic, see Polyoxymethylene plastic. Structure of a generic acetal Structure of a generic acetal An acetal is a molecule with two single bonded oxygens attached to the same carbon atom. Traditional usages distinguish ketal from acetals; where the acetal has one R group as H-. Current accepted terminology classifies ketals as a subset of acetals. The plastic known as acetal is a polyacetal. Formation of an acetal occurs when the hydroxyl group of a hemiacetal becomes protonated and is lost as water. The carbocation ion that is produced is then rapidly attacked by a molecule of alcohol. Loss of the proton from the attached alcohol gives the acetal. Acetals are stable compared to hemiacetals but their formation is reversible as with esters. As a reaction to create an acetal proceeds, water must be removed from the reaction mixture or it will hydrolyse the product. The formation of acetals reduces the total number of molecules present and therefore is not favourable with regards to entropy. A way to improve this is to use an orthoester as a source of alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones undergo a process called acetal exchange with orthoesters to give acetals. Water produced along with the acetal product is used up in hydrolysing the orthoester and producing more alcohol to be used in the reaction. Hemiacetal + alcohol + acid catalyst ↔ acetal + water Acetals are important in nature, for example in solution the most stable form of glucose is its cyclic hemiacetal and maltose is an acetal made from two glucose units. Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal is an important flavouring compound in distilled beverages.1 Acetals are sometimes used as protecting groups for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis as they are stable with respect to hydrolysis by bases. Plastics Advantages of acetal based plastics: Chemically resistant Very low water absorption Resistant to hydrolysis by base Disadvantages of acetal based plastics: Low impact strength Low melting temperature More rigid than nylons Examples Dimethoxymethane DME, a solvent Dioxolane Methylenedioxy group Metaldehyde Paraldehyde 1,3,5-Trioxane References ^ Volatile Compounds in Foods and Beverages, ISBN 0824783905, http://books.google.com/books?id=_OvXjhLUz-oC, p.554 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Acetal Categories: Acetals | Functional groups | Protecting groups Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Eesti Ù?ارسی Français Italiano МакедонÑ?ки Nederlands ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Svenska УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 5 August 2008, at 13:14
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