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16-September-2008 16:15:15 - phase protein Redirected from Acute-phase reaction Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase positive acute phase proteins or decrease negative acute phase proteins in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction also called acute phase response. Inflammatory cells and red blood cells Inflammatory cells and red blood cells In response to injury, local inflammatory cells neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, and TNF-α. The liver responds by producing a large number of acute-phase reactants. At the same time, the production of a number of other proteins is reduced; these are therefore referred to as negative acute phase reactants. Contents 1 Positive 2 Negative 3 Clinical significance 4 References 5 See also 6 External links Positive Positive acute-phase proteins serve different physiological functions for the immune system. Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g. C-reactive protein, Mannose-binding protein, complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin. Others give negative feedback on the inflammatory response, e.g. serpins. Alpha 2-macroglobulin and coagulation factors affect coagulation. Positive acute phase proteins: Protein Immune system function C-reactive protein Opsonin on microbes 1 D-dimer protein fibrin degradation product Mannose-binding protein Mannan-binding lectin pathway Alpha 1-antitrypsin serpin, downregulates inflammation Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin serpin, downregulates inflammation Alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibitor of coagulation by inhibiting thrombin.2 inhibitor of fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasmin Fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen coagulation factors Complement factors Complement system Ferritin Binding iron, inhibiting microbe iron uptake Serum amyloid P component see amyloid Serum amyloid A recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites induction of enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix Ceruloplasmin Oxidizes iron, facilitating for ferritin, inhibiting microbe iron uptake Haptoglobin Bind hemoglobin, inhibiting microbe iron uptake Negative Negative acute phase proteins: Protein Immune system function of decrease Albumin 3 Transferrin 3 Transthyretin 3 Transcortin Decreased binding of cortisol, upregulation of inflammation Retinol binding protein Clinical significance Further information: Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests#Immunology Measurement of acute phase proteins, especially C-reactive protein, is a useful marker of inflammation in both medical and veterinary clinical pathology. It correlates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR. They may also indicate liver failure 4 References ^ Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Immunology. Paperback: 384 pages. Publisher: Lippincott Williams Wilkins; July 1, 2007. Language: English. ISBN-10: 0781795435. ISBN-13: 978-0781795432. Page 182 ^ Boer JP, Creasey AA, Chang A, Abbink JJ, et al. 1993 Alpha-2-macroglobulin functions as an inhibitor of fibrinolytic, clotting, and neutrophilic proteinases in sepsis: studies using a baboon model. Infect Immun. 6112: 5035-5043. ^ a b c Ritchie RF, Palomaki GE, Neveux LM, Navolotskaia O, Ledue TB, Craig WY 1999. Reference distributions for the negative acute-phase serum proteins, albumin, transferrin and transthyretin: a practical, simple and clinically relevant approach in a large cohort. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13 6: 273-9. PMID 10633294. ^ Ananian P, Hardwigsen J, Bernard D, Le Treut YP 2005. Serum acute-phase protein level as indicator for liver failure after liver resection. Hepatogastroenterology 52 63: 857-61. PMID 15966220. See also :MeSH_D12.776#MeSH_D12.776.124.050_---_acute-phase_proteins External links MeSH Acute-Phase+Proteins v d e Acute phase proteins Amyloid SAP - SAA Other positive Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin - Alpha 1-antitrypsin - Alpha 2-macroglobulin - C-reactive protein - Ceruloplasmin - C3 - Fibrin - Haptoglobin - Haemopexin - Orosomucoid - Transferrin Negative Serum albumin This immunology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Acute_phase_protein Categories: Acute phase proteins | Immune system | Immunology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Français Nederlands Polski SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina Svenska This page was last modified on 21 July 2008, at 16:34
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