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16-September-2008 16:15:15 - Adhesion Physics or the Physics Portal may be able to help recruit one. If a more appropriate or portal exists, please adjust this template accordingly. Dew drops adhering to a spider web Dew drops adhering to a spider web For other uses, see Adhesion disambiguation. Adhesion is the tendency of certain dissimilar molecules to cling together due to attractive forces. Contents 1 Mechanisms of adhesion 1.1 Mechanical adhesion 1.2 Chemical adhesion 1.3 Dispersive adhesion 1.4 Electrostatic adhesion 1.5 Diffusive adhesion 2 What makes an adhesive bond strong? 3 See also 4 References Mechanisms of adhesion Cohesion causes water to form drops, surface tension causes them to be nearly spherical, and adhesion keeps the drops in place. Cohesion causes water to form drops, surface tension causes them to be nearly spherical, and adhesion keeps the drops in place. Water droplets are flatter on a Hibiscus flower which shows better adhesion. Water droplets are flatter on a Hibiscus flower which shows better adhesion. Five mechanisms have been proposed to explain why one material sticks to another: Mechanical adhesion Adhesive materials fill the voids or pores of the surfaces and hold surfaces together by interlocking. Sewing forms a large scale mechanical bond, velcro forms one on a medium scale, and some textile adhesives form one at a small scale. This is similar to surface tension Chemical adhesion Two materials may form a compound at the join. The strongest joins are where atoms of the two materials swap ionic bonding or share covalent bonding outer electrons. A weaker bond is formed if oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atoms of the two materials share a hydrogen nucleus hydrogen bonding. Dispersive adhesion In dispersive adhesion, also known as adsorption, two materials are held together by van der Waals forces: the attraction between two molecules, each of which has a regions of positive and negative charge. In the simple case, such molecules are therefore polar with respect to average charge density, although in larger or more complex molecules, there may be multiple poles or regions of greater positive or negative charge. These positive and negative poles may be a permanent property of a molecule Keesom forces or a transient effect which can occur in any molecule, as the random movement of electrons within the molecules may result in a temporary concentration of electrons in one region London forces. Electrostatic adhesion Some conducting materials may pass electrons to form a difference in electrical charge at the join. This results in a structure similar to a capacitor and creates an attractive electrostatic force between the materials. Diffusive adhesion Some materials may merge at the joint by diffusion. This may occur when the molecules of both materials are mobile and soluble in each other. This would be particularly effective with polymer chains where one end of the molecule diffuses into the other material. It is also the mechanism involved in sintering. When metal or ceramic powders are pressed together and heated, atoms diffuse from one particle to the next. This joins the particles into one. What makes an adhesive bond strong? The strength of the adhesion between two materials depends on which of the above mechanisms occur between the two materials, and the surface area over which the two materials contact. Materials that wet against each other tend to have a larger contact area than those that don't. Wetting depends on the surface energy of the materials. Well-known examples of adhesion are tape, glue, stickers, and rubbing dirt on golf balls. See also Adhesion medicine Cell adhesion Cohesion Rail adhesion Scratch tester Method of testing the adhesion of coatings to substrates References John Comyn, Adhesion Science, Royal Society of Chemistry Paperbacks, 1997 A.J. Kinloch, Adhesion and Adhesives: Science and Technology, Chapman and Hall, 1987 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Adhesion Categories: Materials science | Chemical properties | Intermolecular forcesHidden categories: Physics articles needing expert attention | Articles needing expert attention | Pages needing expert attention Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Suomi Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька This page was last modified on 6 August 2008, at 19:25
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