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16-September-2008 16:15:16 - Sea For the ship Aegean Sea, see Aegean Sea oil spill. Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea Greek: Αιγαίο Î ÎλαγοςAigaÃo Pélagos help·info; Turkish: Ege Denizi, Adalar Denizi is an elongated embayment of the Merranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea. The sea was traditionally known as Archipelago in Greek, ΑÏ?χιπÎλαγος, the general sense of which has since changed to refer to the Aegean Islands and, generally, to any island group because the Aegean Sea is remarkable for its large number of islands. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Economical and Political Setting 4 Physiographic Setting 5 Hydrographic and Hydrochemical Setting 6 See also 7 Notes Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. It was said to have been named after the Greek town of Aegae, or after Aegea, a queen of the Amazons who died in the sea, or Aigaion, the sea goat, another name of Briareus, one of the archaic Hecatonchires, or, especially among the Athenians, Aegeus, the father of Theseus, who drowned himself in the sea when he thought his son had died. A possible etymology is a derivation from the Greek word αἶγες - aiges = waves Hesychius of Alexandria; metaphorical use of αἴξ aix goat, hence wavy sea, cf. also αἰγιαλός aigialos coast. In the Bulgarian language the sea is also known as White sea БÑ?ло море. According to legend, Bulgarian sailors and merchants in the Middle Ages found it a hospitable and timid sea to travel and called it White sea in contrast to the hostile and dangerous Black sea. History Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece and the Aegean Sea. In ancient times the sea was the birthplace of two ancient civilizations - the Minoans of Crete and the Mycenean Civilization of the Peloponnese.1 Later arose the city-states of Athens and Sparta among many others that constituted the Athenian Empire and Hellenic Civilization. Plato described the Greeks living round the Aegean like frogs around a pond.2 The Aegean Sea was later invaded by the Persians and the Romans, and inhabited by the Byzantine Empire, the Venetians, the Seljuk Turks, and the Ottoman Empire. The Aegean was the site of the original democracies, and its seaways were the means of contact among several diverse civilizations of the Eastern Merranean. It is also the location of the wreck of the HMHS Britannic which sank on November 21, 1916 during World War I. Economical and Political Setting Many of the islands in the Aegean have safe harbours and bays, but navigation through the sea is generally difficult. Many of the islands are volcanic, and marble and iron are mined on other islands. The larger islands have some fertile valleys and plains. In the Aegean Sea there are two islands belonging to Turkey: Bozcaada in Greek, ΤÎνεδος and Gökçeada in Greek, ΊμβÏ?ος, while the rest belonging to Greece. The Aegean Sea has about 1,415 islands and islets, of which 1,395 belong to Greece. Physiographic Setting The Aegean Sea from space The Aegean Sea from space The Aegean Sea covers about 214,000 km² in area, and measures about 610 kilometres longitudinally and 300 kilometres latitudinally. The sea's maximum depth is 3,543 metres 11,624 ft, east of Crete. The Aegean Islands are found within its waters, with the following islands delimiting the sea on the south generally from west to east: Kythera, Antikythera, Crete, Kasos, Karpathos and Rhodes. The Greek Aegean Islands can be simply divided into seven groups: Northeastern Aegean Islands, Euboea, Northern Sporades, Cyclades, Saronic Islands or Argo-Saronic Islands, Dodecanese or Southern Sporades, Crete. The word archipelago was originally applied specifically to the Aegean Sea and its islands. Many of the Aegean Islands, or chains of islands, are actually extensions of the mountains on the mainland. One chain extends across the sea to Chios, another extends across Euboea to Samos, and a third extends across the Peloponnese and Crete to Rhodes, dividing the Aegean from the Merranean. The bays and gulfs of the Aegean beginning and the South and moving clockwise include on Crete, the Mirabelli, Almyros, Souda and Chania bays or gulfs, on the mainland the Myrtoan Sea to the west, the Saronic Gulf northwestward, the Petalies Gulf which connects with the South Euboic Sea, the Pagasetic Gulf which connects with the North Euboic Sea, the Thermian Gulf northwestward, the Chalkidiki Peninsula including the Cassandra and the Singitic Gulfs, northward the Strymonian Gulf and the Gulf of Kavala and the rest are in Turkey; Saros Gulf, Edremit Gulf, Dikili Gulf, Çandarlı Gulf, Ä°zmir Gulf, KuÅŸadası Gulf, Gulf of Gökova, Güllük Gulf. Hydrographic and Hydrochemical Setting Aegean surface water circulates in a counter-clockwise gyre, with hypersaline Merranean water moving northward along the west coast of Turkey, before being displaced by less dense Black Sea outflow. The dense Merranean water sinks below the Black Sea inflow to a depth of 23-30m, then flows through the Dardanelles Strait and into the Marmara at velocities of 5-15 cm/s. The Black Sea outflow moves westward along the northern Aegean Sea, then flows southwards along the east coast of Greece3. The physical oceanography of the Aegean Sea is controlled mainly by the regional climate, the fresh water discharge from major rivers draining southeastern Europe, and the seasonal variations in the Black Sea surface water outflow through the Dardanelles Strait. Analysis4 of the Aegean during 1991 and 1992 revealed 3 distinct water masses: Aegean Sea Surface Water - 40-50 m thick veneer, with summer temperatures of 21-26°C and winter temperatures ranging from 10°C in the north to 16°C in the south. Aegean Sea Intermediate Water - Aegean Sea Intermediate Water extends from 40-50 m to 200-300 m with temperatures ranging from 11-18°C. Aegean Sea Bottom Water - occurring at depths below 200-300 m with a very uniform temperature 13-14°C and salinity 39.1-39.2%. See also Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Aegean Sea. Aegean civilization Aegean dispute Aegean Islands Aegean languages List of traditional Greek place names Notes ^ Tracey Cullen, Aegean Prehistory: A Review American Journal of Archaeology. Supplement, 1; Oliver Dickinson, The Aegean Bronze Age Cambridge World Archaeology. ^ The familiar phrase giving rise to the title Prehistorians Round the Pond: Reflections on Aegean Prehistory as a Discipline, by John F. Cherry, Despina Margomenou, and Lauren E. Talalay. ^ Aksu, A. E., D. Yasar, et al. 1995. LATE GLACIAL-HOLOCENE PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE AEGEAN SEA - MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE. Marine Micropaleontology 251: 1-28. ^ Yagar, D., 1994. Late glacial-Holocene evolution of the Aegean Sea. Ph.D. Thesis, Inst. Mar. Sci. Technol., Dokuz Eyltil Univ., 329 pp. Unpubl. v d e Ancient Greece topics Timeline Aegean civilization · Minoan civilization · Mycenaean civilization · Greek Dark Ages · Archaic period · Classical Greece · Hellenistic Greece · Roman Greece Places Aegean Sea · Hellespont · Macedon · Sparta · Athens · Corinth · Thebes · Thermopylae · Antioch · Alexandria · Pergamon · Miletus · Ephesus · Delphi · Delos · Olympia · Troy · Rhodes · Crete Life Agriculture · Cuisine · Democracy · Economy · Education · Law · Literature · Medicine · Music · Pederasty · Prostitution · Religion · Slavery · Technology · Theatre · Olympic Games · Warfare · Wine People Philosophers Anaxagoras · Anaximander · Anaximenes · Antisthenes · Aristotle · Democritus · Diogenes of Sinope · Epicurus · Empedocles · Heraclitus · Leucippus · Gorgias · Parmenides · Plato · Protagoras · Pythagoras · Socrates · Thales · Zeno Authors Aeschylus · Aesop · Aristophanes · Euripedes · Herodotus · Hesiod · Homer · Lucian · Menander · Pindar · Plutarch · Polybius · Sappho · Sophocles · Thucydides · Xenophon Leaders Alexander the Great · Lycurgus · Leonidas · Alcibiades · Demosthenes · Pericles · Solon · Themistocles · Archimedes · Hippocrates Buildings Parthenon · Temple of Artemis · Acropolis · Ancient Agora · Temple of Zeus at Olympia · Temple of Hephaestus · Samothrace temple complex Arts Sculpture · Architecture · Pottery · Coinage Language Proto-Greek · Mycenaean · Homeric · Dialects Aeolic Arcadocypriot Attic Doric Ionic possibly Macedonian · Koine v d e Articles on the Aegean Sea General The Aegean sea Countries Flag of Greece Greece Flag of Turkey Turkey Other Aegean civilization Aegean Islands Aegean dispute Aegean islands Cyclades Amorgos Anafi Andros Antimilos Antiparos Delos Despotiko Donoussa Folegandros Gyaros Ios Irakleia Kardiotissa Kea Keros Kimolos Koufonisi Kythnos Milos Mykonos Nata Naxos Paros Polyaigos Rhineia Santorini Schoinoussa Serifopoula Serifos Sifnos Sikinos Syros Therasia Tinos Vous Dodecanese Agathonisi Arkoi Armathia Alimia Astakida Astypalaia Çatalada Chamili Gaidaros Gyali Halki Iç Ada Antalya Imia/Kardak Kalolimnos Kalymnos Kandelioussa Kara Ada Karpathos Kasos Kastelorizo Kekova Kos Küçük TavÅŸan Adası Leros Lipsi Nisyros Patmos Pacheia Pharmakonisi Platy Pserimos Rho Rhodes Saria Salih Ada Strongili Symi Syrna Telendos Tilos Zafora North Aegean Agios Eustratius Ammouliani Ayvalık Islands Büyük Ada Chios Chryse Cunda Fener Ada Fournoi Korseon Icaria Imbros Incir Ada Koukonesi Lemnos Lesbos Metalik Ada Nissiopi Oinousses Psara Samiopoula Samos Samothrace Tenedos Thasos Thymaina Saronic Aegina Agios Georgios Angistri Dokos Hydra Poros Psyttaleia Salamis Spetses Sporades Adelfoi Islets Agios Georgios Skopelou Alonissos Argos Skiathou Dasia Erinia Gioura Grammeza Kyra Panagia Lekhoussa Peristera Piperi Psathoura Repio Rineia Skyrou Sarakino Skandili Skantzoura Skiathos Skopelos Skyropoula Skyros Tsougria Valaxa Other Crete Dia Euboea Gavdos Makronisos Coordinates: 39°15'34N 24°57'09E / 39.25944, 24.9525 Aegean Sea Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Aegean_Sea Categories: Marginal seas of the Merranean | Seas | Landforms of Greece | Landforms of TurkeyHidden category: Articles including recorded pronunciations Greek Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Asturianu AzÉ™rbaycan БеларуÑ?каÑ? Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Чăвашла ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Galego í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa ქáƒ?რთული Kurdî / كوردی Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lietuvių Magyar МакедонÑ?ки Malti मराठी Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Occitan Polski Português Qırımtatarca Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Shqip Sicilianu Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو Vèneto ייִדיש ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 15 August 2008, at 23:4
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