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16-September-2008 16:15:17 - Airsickness Airsickness Classification and external resources ICD-10 T75.3 ICD-9 994.6 Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel.1 It is a specific form of motion sickness, and is considered a normal response in healthy individuals. Airsickness occurs when the central nervous system receives conflicting messages from the body including the inner ear, eyes and muscles affecting balance and equilibrium. The inner ear is particularly important in the maintenance of balance and equilibrium because it contains sensors for both angular rotational and linear motion. Airsickness is usually a combination of spatial disorientation, nausea and vomiting.2 Experimentally, airsickness can be eliminated in monkeys by removing part of the cerebellum, namely the nodulus of the vermis.3 Contents 1 Signs Symptoms 2 Susceptibility to Airsickness 3 Avoiding Airsickness 4 Treatment of Airsickness 4.1 Medication 4.2 NonPharmacologic Remedies 4.3 Natural Remedies 5 References 6 See also Signs Symptoms Common signs and symptoms of airsickness include: Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, loss of appetite, cold sweating, skin pallor, difficulty concentrating, confusion, drowsiness, headache, and increased fatigue.1 Severe airsickness may cause a person to become completely incapacitated.12 Susceptibility to Airsickness The following factors increase some people's susceptibility to airsickness: Fatigue, stress, and anxiety, are some factors that can increase susceptibility to motion sickness of any type. The use of alcohol, drugs, and medications may also contribute to airsickness. Additionally, airsickness is more common in women especially during menstruation or pregnancy, young children, and individuals prone to other types of motion sickness.4 Although airsickness is uncommon among experienced pilots, it does occur with some frequency in student pilots.2 Avoiding Airsickness This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. December 2007 Travelers who are susceptible to motion sickness can minimize symptoms by: Choosing seats with the smoothest ride in regards to pitch the seats over the wings in an airplane.1 Sitting facing forward while focusing on distant objects rather than trying to read or look at something inside the airplane. Eating dry crackers, olives or suck on a lemon, to dry out the mouth, lessening nausea. Drinking a carbonated beverage. Susceptible student pilots should be handed the controls if they experience nausea. This will, in most cases, eliminate the sickness. Treatment of Airsickness Medication Medications that may alleviate the symptoms of airsickness1 include: meclizine Antivert, Bonine dimenhydrinate Dramamine5 diphenhydramine Benadryl scopolamine available in both patch and oral form.6 ginger capsules 7 Pilots who are susceptible to airsickness should not take anti-motion sickness medications prescription or over-the-counter.12 These medications can make one drowsy or affect brain functions in other ways. NonPharmacologic Remedies A method to increase pilot resistance to airsickness consists of repetitive exposure to the flying conditions that initially resulted in airsickness. In other words, repeated exposure to the flight environment decreases an individual's susceptibility to subsequent airsickness.1 Recently, several devices have been introduced that are intended to reduce motion sickness through stimulation of various body parts usually the wrist.8 Natural Remedies There are numerous alternative remedies for motion sickness. The most popular are ginger derivatives, such as ginger tea or powdered ginger capsules.9 When the hosts of the popular American television program Mythbusters tested motion sickness remedies, they found that ginger was one of the most effective non-prescription remedies; however, the clinical study was inconclusive as the sample size was only two, and efficacy over placebo was not proven. References ^ a b c d e f g Benson AJ 2002. 35, Motion Sickness. In: Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments 2. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. ^ a b c d Antunano, Melchor J., M.D. Medical Facts for Pilots pdf Federal Aviation Administration, Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. Publication: AM-400-03/1. ^ Lackner, James R. Motion sickness pdf. ^ Hain, Timothy C., M.D. 2006 Motion Sickness. ^ Weinstein SE, Stern RM October 1997. Comparison of marezine and dramamine in preventing symptoms of motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 68 10: 890-4. PMID 9327113. ^ Spinks AB, Wasiak J, Villanueva EV, Bernath V 2007. Scopolamine hyoscine for preventing and treating motion sickness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD002851. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002851.pub3. PMID 17636710. ^ Ernst, E.; and M. H. Pittler 2000. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials PDF. British Journal of Anaesthesia 84 3: 367-371. PMID 10793599. Retrieved on 2006-09-06. ^ Bertolucci LE, DiDario B December 1995. Efficacy of a portable acustimulation device in controlling seasickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 66 12: 1155-8. PMID 8747609. ^ Ernst, E.; and M. H. Pittler 2000. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials PDF. British Journal of Anaesthesia 84 3: 367-371. PMID 10793599. Retrieved on 2006-09-06. See also Airsickness bag Motion sickness v d e Consequences of external causes T15-T35, T66-T98, 930-959, 990-995 General external causes Foreign body - Burn - Frostbite Other external causes radiation/heat/light: Radiation poisoning - Hyperthermia - Heat syncope reduced temperature: Hypothermia - Immersion foot - Chilblain Aerosinusitis - Hypoxia - Barotrauma - Altitude sickness - Chronic mountain sickness - Decompression sickness - Asphyxia - Starvation maltreatment Physical abuse, Sexual abuse, Psychological abuse Motion sickness Airsickness, Sea-sickness Electric shock - Anaphylaxis - Angioedema Hypersensitivity Allergy, Arthus reaction Subcutaneous emphysema Certain early complications of trauma embolism Air, Fat - Crush syndrome/Rhabdomyolysis - Compartment syndrome/Volkmann's contracture Complications of surgical and medical care Serum sickness - Malignant hyperthermia - Transfusion hemosiderosis Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Airsickness Categories: Aviation medicine | Neurological disordersHidden category: Articles needing additional references from December 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 22 June 2008, at 10:15
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