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16-September-2008 16:15:06 - Anaerobic exercise January 2008 Fox and Haskell formula Fox and Haskell formula Anaerobic exercise is exercise intense enough to trigger anaerobic metabolism. It is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to build power and by body builders to build muscle mass. Muscles trained under anaerobic conditions develop differently, leading to greater performance in short duration, high intensity activities, which last up to about 2 minutes.1 Aerobic exercise, on the other hand, includes lower intensity activities performed for longer periods of time. Such activities like walking, running, swimming, and cycling require a great deal of oxygen to generate the energy needed for prolonged exercise to maintain a certain energy level. There are two types of anaerobic energy systems, the ATP-CP energy system, which uses creatine phosphate as the main energy source, and the lactic acid or anaerobic glycolysis system that uses glucose or glycogen in the absence of oxygen. Events or activity that last up to about thirty seconds rely primarily on the former, phosphagen, system. Beyond this time aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis begin to predominate. Anaerobic glycolysis uses glucose inefficiently, and produces by-products such as lactic acid that are thought to be detrimental to muscle function; this limits activity based predominantly on anaerobic glycolysis to about 2 minutes. The effectiveness of anaerobic activity can be improved through training.2 1 Contents 1 Lactate threshold LIP or Lactate Inflection Point 2 Weights and reps 3 References 4 See also Lactate threshold LIP or Lactate Inflection Point The lactate threshold LT is the exercise intensity at which lactic acid starts to accumulate in the blood stream. This happens when it is produced faster than it can be removed metabolized. This point is sometimes referred to as the anaerobic threshold AT, or the onset of blood lactate accumulation OBLA. When exercising below the LT intensity any lactate produced by the muscles is removed by the body without it building up. The lactate threshold is a useful measure for deciding exercise intensity for training and racing in endurance sports e.g. distance running, cycling, rowing, swimming, motocross and cross country skiing, and can be increased greatly with training. Fartlek speed-play training and interval training take advantage of the body being able to temporarily exceed the lactate threshold, and then recover reduce blood-lactate while operating at below the threshold, but still doing physical activity. Fartlek and interval training are similar, the main difference being the relative intensities of the exercise, best illustrated in a real-world example: Fartlek training would involve constantly running, for a period time running just above the lactate threshold, and then running at just below it, while interval training would be running quite high above the threshold, but then slowing to a walk or slow jog during the rest periods. Interval training can take the form of many different types of exercise and should closely replicate the movements found in the sport.3 Fartlek would be used by people who are constantly moving, with occasional bouts of speed, such as soccer players, while interval training is more suited to sprinters, who exert maximum effort and then can stop exerting completely. With both styles of training, one can exert more effort before fatiguing and burn more calories than exercising at a constant pace continuous training, but will emphasize training the anaerobic system rather than the aerobic system. Long duration training below the lactate threshold is recommended to primarily work the aerobic system. Accurately measuring the lactate threshold involves taking blood samples normally a pinprick to the finger, earlobe or thumb during a ramp test where the exercise intensity is progressively increased. Measuring the threshold can also be performed non-invasively using gas-exchange Respiratory quotient methods, which requires a metabolic cart to measure air inspired and expired. Although the lactate threshold is defined as the point when lactic acid starts to accumulate, some testers approximate this by using the point at which lactate reaches a concentration of 4 mM at rest it is around 1 mM . Weights and reps When anaerobic exercise occurs in the context of physical training, the terms weight and reps are generally used to refer respectively to the amount of weight moved either pushed or pulled, and the number of times the action of moving it is repeated within a short period, between breaks. References ^ a b Anaerobic training ^ McMahon, Thomas A 1984. Muscles, Reflexes, and Locomotion. Princeton University Press, 37-51. ISBN 0-691-02376-X. Anaerobic Interval Training See also Aerobic exercise Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise Categories: Exercise physiologyHidden category: Articles needing additional references from January 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Español Italiano עברית This page was last modified on 3 August 2008, at 00:3
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