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16-September-2008 16:15:08 - Heart disease Heart disease Classification and external resources MeSH D006331 Heart disease is an umbrella term for a number of different diseases affecting the heart. As of 2007, it is the leading cause of death in the United States,12 England, Canada and Wales,3 killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone.4 Contents 1 Types of heart disease 1.1 Coronary heart disease 1.2 Cardiomyopathy 1.3 Cardiovascular disease 1.4 Ischaemic heart disease 1.5 Heart failure 1.6 Hypertensive heart disease 1.7 Inflammatory heart disease 1.8 Valvular heart disease 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Types of heart disease Coronary heart disease Main article: Coronary heart disease Coronary artery disease is a disease of the artery caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium. Angina pectoris chest pain and myocardial infarction heart attack are symptoms of and conditions caused by coronary heart disease. Over 451,000 Americans die of coronary heart disease every year5. In the United Kingdom, 101,000 deaths annually are due to coronary heart disease6. Cardiomyopathy Main article: Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy literally means heart muscle disease Myo= muscle, pathy= disease It is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium i.e., the actual heart muscle for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death. Extrinsic cardiomyopathies - cardiomyopathies where the primary pathology is outside the myocardium itself. Most cardiomyopathies are extrinsic, because by far the most common cause of a cardiomyopathy is ischemia. The World Health Organization calls these specific cardiomyopathiescitation needed: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Coronary artery disease Congenital heart disease - see below Nutritional diseases affecting the heart Ischemic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy Hypertensive cardiomyopathy Valvular cardiomyopathy - see also Valvular heart disease below Inflammatory cardiomyopathy - see also Inflammatory heart disease below Cardiomyopathy secondary to a systemic metabolic disease Intrinsic cardiomyopathies - weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable external cause. Dilated cardiomyopathy DCM - most common form, and one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. In DCM the heart especially the left ventricle is enlarged and the pumping function is diminished. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HCM or HOCM - genetic disorder caused by various mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. In HCM the heart muscle is thickened, which can obstruct blood flow and prevent the heart from functioning properly. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ARVC - arises from an electrical disturbance of the heart in which heart muscle is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The right ventricle is generally most affected. Restrictive cardiomyopathy RCM - least common cardiomyopathy. The walls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood. Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy - the left ventricle wall has failed to properly grow from birth and such has a spongy appearance when viewed during an echocardiogram. Cardiovascular disease Main article: Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Research on disease dimorphism suggests that women who suffer with cardiovascular disease usually suffer from forms that affect the blood vessels while men usually suffer from forms that affect the heart muscle itself. Known or associated causes of cardiovascular disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia. Types of cardiovascular disease include: Atherosclerosis Ischaemic heart disease Ischaemic heart disease - another disease of the heart itself, characterized by reduced blood supply to the organs. Heart failure Main article: Heart failure Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure or CHF, and congestive cardiac failure CCF, is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. Cor pulmonale, a failure of the right side of the heart. Hypertensive heart disease Main article: Hypertensive heart disease Hypertensive heart disease is heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localised high blood pressure. Conditions that can be caused by hypertensive heart disease include: Left ventricular hypertrophy Coronary heart disease Congestive heart failure Hypertensive cardiomyopathy Cardiac arrhythmias Inflammatory heart disease Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it. Endocarditis - inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The most common structures involved are the heart valves. Inflammatory cardiomegaly Myocarditis - inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. Valvular heart disease Main article: Valvular heart disease Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more valves of the heart. The valves in the right side of the heart are the tricuspid valve and the pulmonic valve. The valves in the left side of the heart are the mitral valve and the aortic valve. Aortic valve stenosis Mitral valve prolapse Valvular cardiomyopathy See also Aneurysm Aortic aneurysm Diet and heart disease Endothelium-derived relaxing factor High blood pressure Hypertension Thrombosis Oral hygiene References ^ Division of Vital Statistics; Arialdi M. Miniño, M.P.H., Melonie P. Heron, Ph.D., Sherry L. Murphy, B.S., Kenneth D. Kochanek, M.A. 2007-08-21. Deaths: Final data for 2004 PDF. National Vital Statistics Reports 55 19: 7. United States: Center for Disease Control. Retrieved on 2007-12-30. ^ White House News, American Heart Month, 2007, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/02/20070201-2.html. Retrieved on 16 July 2007 ^ National Statistics Press Release 25th May 2006 ^ Hitti, Miranda 2004-12-07. Heart Disease Kills Every 34 Seconds in U.S., Fox News - WebMD. Retrieved on 2007-12-30. ^ American Heart Association:And if they didnt smoke that number would be way way way down!?! Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2008 Update. AHA, Dallas, Texas, 2008 ^ British Heart Statistics report External links Find more about Heart disease on 's sister projects: Dictionary definitions Textbooks Quotations Source texts Images and media News stories Learning resources VIDEO - Heart Disease in the Female Population: Prevalence, Presentation and Pathophysiology, Mary Zasadil, MD, speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health 2007 Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada - Information Resource on Heart Disease British Heart Foundation VIDEO - What is Heart Disease? v d e Cardiovascular disease: heart disease - Circulatory system pathology I00-I52, 390-429 Ischaemic/ Acute coronary CHD: CAD - Coronary thrombosis - Coronary vasospasm - Coronary artery aneurysm Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina - Myocardial infarction heart attack Myocardial rupture - Dressler's syndrome Layers Pericardium Pericarditis Acute, Constrictive - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade - Hemopericardium Myocardium Myocarditis Cardiomyopathy: Dilated Alcoholic - Hypertrophic - Restrictive Loeffler endocarditis, Cardiac amyloidosis Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium/ valves Endocarditis Subacute bacterial endocarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis, Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis mitral regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis - aortic stenosis, insufficiency - tricuspid stenosis, insufficiency - pulmonary stenosis, insufficiency Conduction/ arrhythmia Heart block AV 1°, 2°, 3° - Bundle branch Left, Right - Bifascicular/Trifascicular - Sinoatrial - Sick sinus syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome Pre-excitation syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White - Lown-Ganong-Levine Tachycardia Paroxysmal - Supraventricular AV nodal reentrant, Accelerated idioventricular rhythm, Sinus - Ventricular Torsades de pointes, Catecholaminergic polymorphic Premature contraction Atrial - Ventricular Flutter/fibrillation Atrial flutter - Ventricular flutter - Atrial fibrillation Familial - Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Wandering pacemaker - Ectopic pacemaker - Parasystole Long QT syndrome Romano-Ward syndrome - Andersen-Tawil syndrome - Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death - Asystole Other Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy Left, Right/Cor pulmonale Heart failure Cardiac asthma - Rheumatic fever See also congenital, neoplasia Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Heart_disease Categories: DiseasesHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since December 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Català Česky Cymraeg Bân-lâm-gú Español Esperanto Français Hrvatski Ã?slenska Italiano മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Português Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Svenska ไทย اردو ä¸æ–‡ Bân-lâm-gú This page was last modified on 9 August 2008, at 10:25
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