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16-September-2008 16:15:09 - Labour movement Redirected from Labor movement The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments, in particular through the implementation of specific laws governing labour relations. Labour unions and trade unions are common names for the specific collective organizations within societies, organized for the purpose of representing the interests of workers and the working class. Many elite-class individuals and political groups may also be active in and part of the labour movement. In some countries including the United Kingdom and Australia the term is widely used to describe both a political wing and an industrial wing. In Britain these are the Labour Party and Trades Union Congress TUC collectively. The Labour Party was created, as the Labour Representation Committee as a result of an 1899 resolution of the TUC, though in modern times, particularly since the election of Tony Blair as leader of the Labour Party in 1994, the alliance is seen to be much looser and a number of unions have broken their formal ties with the party. Part of a series on Organized Labour The Labour Movement New Unionism · Proletariat · Anarchosyndicalism Social Movement Unionism Syndicalism · Socialism Labour timeline Labour rights Child labor · Eight-hour day Occupational safety and health Collective bargaining Trade unions Trade unions by country Trade union federations International comparisons ITUC · WFTU · IWA Strike actions Chronological list of strikes General strike · Sympathy strike Sitdown strike · Work-to-rule Trade unionists César Chávez · Samuel Gompers Jimmy Hoffa · A. Philip Randolph Ken Saro-Wiwa · Lowell girls James Larkin · Bob White more names Academic Disciplines Labor in economics Labor history discipline Industrial relations Labor law This Box view talk Contents 1 History 2 Development of labour movements within nation states 3 Development of an international labour movement 4 List of national labour movements 5 See also 6 Further reading 7 External links History In Europe, the labour movement began during the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more industrial areas. The idea met with great resistance. In the 18th century and early 19th century, groups such as the Tolpuddle Martyrs of Tolpuddle, Dorset were punished and transported for forming unions, which was against the laws of the time. The world-wide labor movement gained major impetus in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the Catholic Social Teaching tradition which began in 1891 with the publication of Pope Leo XIII's foundational document, Rerum Novarum, also known as On the Condition of the Working Classes, in which he advocated a series of reforms including limits on the length of the work day, a living wage, the elimination of child labor, the rights of labor to organize, and the duty of the state to regulate labor conditions. Following the release of the document, the labor movement which had previously floundered began to flourish in Europe and later in North America.citation needed Throughout the world, action by the labour movement has led to reforms and workers' rights, such as the 2-day weekend, minimum wage, paid holidays, and the achievement of the eight-hour day for many workers. There have been many important labour activists in modern history who have caused changes that were revolutionary at the time and are now regarded as basic. For example, Mary Harris Jones, better known as Mother Jones, and the National Catholic Welfare Council were central in the campaign to end child labour in the United States during the early 20th century. An active and free labour movement is considered by many to be an important element in maintaining democracy and for economic. Development of labour movements within nation states Historically labour markets have often been constrained by national borders that have restricted movement of workers. Labour laws are also primarily determined by individual nations or states within those nations. While there has been some efforts to adopt a set of international labour standards throughout the International Labour Organization ILO, international sanctions for failing to meet such great standards are very limited. In many countries labour movements have developed independently and reflect those national boundaries. Development of an international labour movement With ever increasing levels of international trade and rising influence of multinational corporations, there has been debate and action within the labour movement broadly to attempt international co-operation. This has led to renewed efforts to organize and collectively bargain internationally. A number of international union organizations have been established in an attempt to facilitate international collective bargaining, to share information and resources and to advance the interests of workers generally. List of national labour movements Trade unions in Albania Trade unions in Algeria Trade unions in Andorra Trade unions in Angola Trade unions in Antigua and Barbuda Trade unions in Argentina Trade unions in Armenia Australian labour movement Trade unions in Benin Trade unions in Botswana Trade unions in Burkina Faso Trade unions in Egypt Trade unions in Ethiopia Trade unions in Germany Trade unions in Ghana Trade unions in India Labor unions in Japan Trade unions in Malaysia Trade unions in Maldives Trade unions in Nauru Trade unions in Niger Trade unions in Oman Trade unions in Pakistan Trade unions in Qatar Trade unions in Senegal Trade unions in South Africa Trade unions in Switzerland Trade unions in Tanzania Trade unions in the United Kingdom Labor unions in the United States See also Organized Labour portal activism industry AFL-CIO Anarchism anarcho-syndicalism Canadian Labour Congress Change to Win class struggle communism council communism democratic socialism Industrial Workers of the World far-left Filippo Turati labour history, art and culture labour and employment law left-wing politics eight hour day living wage marxism New Unionism socialism Social criticism social democracy Trade unionism Freelancers Union List of international labor organizations Further reading Robert N. Stern, Daniel B. Cornfield, The U.S. labor movement:References and Resources, G.K. Hall Co 1996 John Hinshaw and Paul LeBlanc ed., U.S. labor in the twentieth century : studies in working-class struggles and insurgency, Amherst, NY : Humanity Books, 2000 Philip Yale Nicholson, Labor's story in the United States, Philadelphia, Pa. : Temple Univ. Press 2004 Series 'Labor in Crisis', ISBN 1-59213-239-1 Beverly Silver: Forces of Labor. Worker's Movements and Globalization since 1870, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-52077-0 St. James Press Encyclopedia of Labor History Worldwide, St. James Press 2003 ISBN 1-55862-542-9 Lenny Flank ed, IWW: A Documentary History, Red and Black Publishers, St Petersburg, Florida, 2007. ISBN 978-0-9791813-5-1 External links The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Canadian Labour History, 1850-1999 LabourStart: Trade union web portal LaborNet: Global online communication for a democratic, independent labor movement CEC: A Labour Resource Centre in India Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Labour_movement Categories: Labor | SocialismHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since November 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Asturianu Català Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara Français Italiano Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Suomi Svenska 中文 This page was last modified on 11 August 2008, at 08:50
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