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22-AUGUST-2008 06:13:22 - Alveolar-arterial gradient The Alveolar-arterial gradient A-a gradient, is a measure of the difference between the alveolar concentration of oxygen and the arterial concentration of oxygen. It is used in diagnosing the source of hypoxemia. Equation A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2 Where: PAO2 = alveolar PO2 calculated from the alveolar gas equation PaO2 = arterial PO2 measured in arterial blood A-a gradient Values and meaning The A-a gradient is useful in determining the source of hypoxemia. The measurement helps isolate the location of the problem as either intrapulmonary within the lungs or extrapulmonary somewhere else in the body. A normal A-a gradient is less than 10 mmHg, but can range from 5-20 mmHg. Normally, the A-a gradient increases with age. For every decade a person has lived, their A-a gradient is expected to increase by 1 mmHg. An abnormally increased A-a gradient suggests a defect in diffusion, V/Q ventilation/perfusion ratio defect, or right-to-left shunt.1 References ^ Costanzo, Linda 2006. BRS Physiology. Hagerstown: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. ISBN 0781773113. v d e Respiratory system, physiology: respiratory physiology Volumes lung volumes - vital capacity - functional residual capacity - respiratory minute volume - closing capacity - dead space - spirometry - body plethysmography - peak flow meter - thoracic independent volume Airways ventilation V positive pressure - breath inhalation, exhalation -respiratory rate - respirometer - pulmonary surfactant - compliance - hysteresivity - airway resistance - bronchial hyperresponsiveness - bronchial challenge test Blood pulmonary circulation - perfusion Q - hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction - pulmonary shunt Interactions ventilation/perfusion ratio V/Q and scan - zones of the lung - gas exchange - pulmonary gas pressures - alveolar gas equation - alveolar-arterial gradient - hemoglobin - oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve 2,3-DPG, Bohr effect, Haldane effect - carbonic anhydrase chloride shift - oxyhemoglobin - respiratory quotient - arterial blood gas - diffusion capacity - Dlco Control of respiration pons pneumotaxic center, apneustic center - medulla dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group - chemoreceptors central, peripheral - pulmonary stretch receptors Hering-Breuer reflex Insufficiency high altitude - oxygen toxicity - hypoxia Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Alveolar-arterial_gradient Categories: Respiratory therapy | Pulmonology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 18 August 2008, at 04:19
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