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22-AUGUST-2008 06:13:22 - Anglosphere The word Anglosphere describes a concept of a group of anglophone English-speaking nations which share historical, political, and cultural characteristics rooted in or attributed to the historical experience of the United Kingdom. Its definition varies with the different authors who have put it forward. The term is usually attributed to science fiction writer Neal Stephenson, used in his 1995 novel The Diamond Age.citation needed Its first published use after this was in an article by James C. Bennett entitled Canada's World Advantage.1 The term Anglophonie is used rarely,23 usually in contradistinction to Francophonie, but is more common in other languages.45 Contents 1 Definitions 2 Advocacy 3 Criticism 3.1 Regionalists 4 The Anglosphere challenge 4.1 The argument for the Anglosphere challenge 4.2 Response to the Anglosphere challenge 5 References 6 Sources 7 See also 8 External links Definitions The term incorporates ideas about history, culture, geography, politics, legal systems, and economics, and has no clear definition.6 According to Bennett, the Anglosphere is not a club that a person or nation can join or be excluded from, but a condition or status on a network,7 and ... as a network civilization... without a corresponding political form, has necessarily imprecise boundaries. Geographically, the densest nodes of the Anglosphere are found in the United States and the United Kingdom, while Anglophone regions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and South Africa are powerful and populous outliers. The educated English-speaking populations of the Caribbean, Oceania, Africa and India pertain to the Anglosphere to various degrees.8 Bennett also writes: Anglospherism is assuredly not the racialist Anglo-Saxonism dating from the era around 1900, nor the sentimental attachment of the Anglo-American Special Relationship of the decades before and after World War II.... Anglo-Saxonism relied on underlying assumptions of an Anglo-Saxon race, and sought to unite racial cousins.... Anglospherism is based on the intellectual understanding of the roots of both successful market economies and constitutional democracies in strong civil society.8 Historian Robert Conquest has also promoted the concept.9 John Ibbitson of the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail identified five core English-speaking countries with common sociopolitical heritage and goals: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Advocacy A leading advocate of the importance for contemporary international relations of a concept of Anglosphere is James C. Bennett, founder of The Anglosphere Institute. His book The Anglosphere Challenge: Why the English-Speaking Nations Will Lead the Way in the Twenty-First Century ISBN 0-7425-3332-8, published in 2004, is an extended exposition of his version of the concept. The Andrew Roberts book A History of the English Speaking Peoples since 1900 specifically references Bennett's book and the Anglosphere, and promotes a united we stand, divided we fall ethos for the English-speaking world. Criticism The Anglosphere as a concept has attracted some debate. Critical views overlap, and also extend over a number of schools of thought. Regionalists Due to the global spread of nations considered to be part of the Anglosphere, regionalists have an incompatible view of how countries should form relationships, which is based on geographical locality rather than shared culture or history. They believe that regionalist organisations such as the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, the European Union for the United Kingdom and Ireland or Oceania and the Asia-Pacific for Australia and New Zealand are preferable to an Anglosphere. Regionalists tend to be on the left wing. In the United States they tend to favour immigration from South and Central America.10 Left-wing critics often view the Anglospheric countries as representing a type of cultural conservatism and economic liberalism, which they believe should be avoided. Some also believe that focusing on cultural similarities rather than geographical proximity is a type of indirect racism, as culturally similar people tend to have common ancestry and, therefore, ethnicity. This criticism has also been levelled at regionalism as nearby countries also tend to be racially similar. Michael Ignatieff has written that the term overstates the similarities of the United States and the UK, and understates the similarities of, and the connections between, the UK and continental Europe.11 The Anglosphere challenge The Anglosphere challenge is a term developed in the book The Anglosphere Challenge written by James C. Bennett. It actually refers to two separate challenges: The social challenge facing the Anglosphere as it deals with rapid technological change -- a technological singularity. The geopolitical challenge faced by the rest of the world in keeping up economically and socially with an Anglosphere culture uniquely adapted to rapid change and decentralized decision-making. The historical facts which substantiate the existence of these two challenges is presented in a number of documents including the Anglosphere Primer, the Anglosphere Challenge book, and a refinement of the argument in a pamphlet on the The Third Anglosphere Century on the subject from the Heritage Foundation. The argument for the Anglosphere challenge Exceptionalism -- the English-speaking, common law countries have a culture which draws on very old Anglo-Saxon traditions of individualism. Records of such individualism, both in law and society, go back as far as written records exist, certainly before the Norman invasion of England in 1066. It is that ancient habit of co-operative behaviour and decentralization of English then British, then Anglospheric society that has given the Anglosphere a military, economic, scientific, and social advantage over the last two centuries, when compared with other cultural and national traditions. Those habits are supported by the modern common law legal systems and by centuries of traditional separation of powers. Technological Singularity -- the pace of technological change, supported by scientific discovery, now relentlessly challenges established systems of political control and decision-making. At some point, the pace will outrun our capacity to anticipate the medium- or long-term future. Network Commonwealth -- In Anglosphere cultures, individuals and political entities have a long tradition of spontaneously forming networks of common interest and high trust with strangers. Under conditions of stress triggered by rapid technological and social change, these network commonwealths will offer powerful and effective alternatives to established systems of information collection and decision-making. Anglosphere innovation in the movement of ideas, technology and capital exist at the individual, local and governmental levels. Bennett believes that the spontaneous deployment of network commonwealths in the Anglosphere will alleviate the disruption of any Technological Singularity. Similarly, the wisdom of crowds benefits provided by network commonwealths will ensure that the Anglosphere will, as the subtitle of his book proclaims, lead the way in the twenty-first century. Response to the Anglosphere challenge Commentators on the rise of China the Sinosphere have referenced China's goal of surpassing the Anglosphere and the concern that the Anglosphere will take steps to halt that effort. References ^ Bennett, James C.. Canada's World Advantage, The National Post, p. A16. ^ Cliff Jones. Comment S'Appelle?. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. ^ Champion, C.P.. Britannia's Children: Migration from England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales since 1600.Book Review. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. ^ Karl-Heinz Stoll. Anglophonie. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. ^ Anglophonie, francophonie, camerounité. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. ^ Stephenson, the originator of the term, did not use the term in any specific geopolitical sense but rather to describe a fictional race called the Atlantans who, when immigrating to London, were poor in equity but rich in expectations.1 ^ Orphans of the Anglosphere?, James C. Bennett, Albion's Seedlings, November 21, 2005 ^ a b The Anglosphere Primer: part 1, James C. Bennett, 24 July 2003 ^ Scourge and poet, Andrew Brown, The Guardian, February 15, 2003 ^ Tom Hayden 4 May 2006. Who Are You Calling An Immigrant?. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. ^ Robert Conquest, Reply by Michael Ignatieff 23 March 2000. THE 'ANGLOSPHERE'. The New York Review of Books. Retrieved on 2007-07-24. Sources Ankerl, Guy 2000. Global communication without universal civilization, INU societal research Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN 2-88155-004-5. Bennett, James C., The emerging Anglosphere in 'Orbis', Volume 46, Issue 1, Winter 2002, Pages 111-126 Bennett, James C., The Anglosphere Challenge: Why the English-Speaking Nations Will Lead the Way in the Twenty-First Century, Rowman Littlefield, New York, 2004. Bennett, James C., The Third Anglosphere Century: The English-Speaking World in an Era of Transition Heritage Foundation, 2007. 119 pp. Burk, Kathleen, Old World, New World: Great Britain and America from the Beginning, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 2004. Conquest, Robert, Reflections on a Ravaged Century, Norton, New York, 1999. Conquest, Robert, The Anglosphere, New York Review of Books, Volume 47, Number 8 · May 11, 2000. Hitchens, Christopher, An Anglosphere Future, City Journal, Autumn 2007. Mead, Walter Russell, God and Gold: Britain, America, and the Making of the Modern World, Knopf New York 2007 See also ABCA Armies Anglo Anglo-American relations Anglo-Australian relations Anglo-Catholicism Anglo-ethnic Anglo-Celtic Australian Anglo-Irish Anglo-Indian Anglo-Norman British New Zealander English-American Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxons Anglo-Saxon language ANZUK ANZUS Cultural regions Sprachraums Anglo-America List of countries where English is an official language Anglosphere challenge v d e The Anglosphere Dark blue: Countries and territories where English is the official, de facto official or primary national language. Light blue: countries in the case of Quebec: province where English is an official language but not primary. English is also one of the official languages of the European Union. Click on the coloured regions to get to the related article: English language in Europe Canadian English Quebec English Canadian English Alaska#Languages Falkland islands Jamaican English Languages of Belize Hiberno-English Mid Ulster English British English Lesotho South African English Swaziland#Languages Madagascar#Language Sierra Leone Liberian English Languages of Ghana Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe Zambia#Languages Malawian English Tanzania#Languages Rwanda Languages of Uganda Languages of Kenya Languages of Sudan Languages of Nigeria Cameroon English Pakistani English Indian English Bhutan Australian English New Zealand English Papua New Guinea Fiji Maldives Languages of the Philippines Mauritius#Language Bahamian Dialect American English Saint Helena Guyana#Languages Puerto Rico Windward Islands and Leeward Islands Bermudian English English speaking countries v d e States with an Anglophone majority - the Anglosphere Europe Guernsey Jersey Ireland Isle of Man United Kingdom Americas Antigua and Barbuda the Bahamas Barbados Canada Dominica Guyana Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States Oceania Australia Marshall Islands Federated States of Micronesia Nauru Palau New Zealand External links Chapter Samples from The Anglosphere Challenge The Anglosphere Institute Anglosphere Primer Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Anglosphere Categories: Commonwealth of Nations | British Empire | Former British colonies | Cultural spheres of influence | English-speaking countries and territoriesHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since February 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français 日本語 Português Svenska This page was last modified on 6 August 2008, at 14:47
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