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20-September-2008 09:29:09 - DNA The A-DNA structure. The A-DNA structure. A-DNA is one of the many possible double helical structures of DNA. It is a right-handed double helix fairly similar to the more common and well-known B-DNA form, but with a shorter more compact helical structure. A-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double helical structures along with B- and Z-DNA. It appears likely that it occurs only in dehydrated samples of DNA, such as those used in crystallographic experiments, and possibly is also assumed by DNA-RNA hybrid helices and by regions of double-stranded RNA. Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Predicting A-DNA structure 2 Comparison Geometries of the Most Common DNA Forms 3 References 4 See also 5 External links Structure A-DNA is fairly similar to B-DNA given that it is a right-handed double helix with major and minor grooves. However, as shown in the comparison table below, there is a slight increase in the number of base pairs per rotation resulting in a tighter rotation angle, and smaller rise/turn. This results in a deepening of the major groove and a shallowing of the minor. Predicting A-DNA structure An algorithm for predicting the propensity of a sequence to flip from B-DNA to A-DNA was developed by Beth Basham, Gary Schroth, and P. Shing Ho at Oregon State University.1 The abstract of their work describes this algorithm: The ability to predict macromolecular conformations from sequence and thermodynamic principles has long been coveted but generally has not been achieved. We show that differences in the hydration of DNA surfaces can be used to distinguish between sequences that form A- and B-DNA. From this, a triplet code of A-DNA propensities was derived as energetic rules for predicting A-DNA formation. This code correctly predicted 90% of A- and B-DNA sequences in crystals and correlates with A-DNA formation in solution. Thus, with our previous studies on Z-DNA, we now have a single method to predict the relative stability of sequences in the three standard DNA duplex conformations.1 Comparison Geometries of the Most Common DNA Forms Side view of A-, B-, and Z-DNA. Side view of A-, B-, and Z-DNA. The helix axis of A-, B-, and Z-DNA. The helix axis of A-, B-, and Z-DNA. Geometry attribute A-form B-form Z-form Helix sense right-handed right-handed left-handed Repeating unit 1 bp 1 bp 2 bp Rotation/bp 33.6° 35.9° 60°/2 Mean bp/turn 10.7 10.0 12 Inclination of bp to axis +19° -1.2° -9° Rise/bp along axis 2.3 Ã… 0.23 nm 3.32 Ã… 0.332 nm 3.8 Ã… 0.38 nm Rise/turn of helix 24.6 Ã… 2.46 nm 33.2 Ã… 3.32 nm 45.6 Ã… 4.56 nm Mean propeller twist +18° +16° 0° Glycosyl angle anti anti pyrimidine: anti, purine: syn Sugar pucker C3'-endo C2'-endo C: C2'-endo, G: C2'-exo Diameter 26 Ã… 2.6 nm 20 Ã… 2.0 nm 18 Ã… 1.8 nm References ^ a b Basham B, Schroth GP, Ho PS 1995. An A-DNA triplet code: thermodynamic rules for predicting A- and B-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 14: 6464-6468. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.14.6464. PMID 7604014. See also Mechanical properties of DNA DNA B-DNA Z-DNA External links Cornell Comparison of DNA structures v d e Types of nucleic acids Constituents Nucleobases | Nucleosides | Nucleotides | Deoxynucleotides Ribonucleic acids RNA | mRNA pre-mRNA/hnRNA | tRNA | rRNA | aRNA | gRNA | miRNA | ncRNA | piRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | snoRNA | stRNA | ta-siRNA | tmRNA Deoxyribonucleic acids DNA | cDNA | gDNA | msDNA | mtDNA Nucleic acid analogues GNA | LNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino Cloning vectors phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC Major families of biochemicals Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/A-DNA Categories: DNA Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 7 June 2008, at 14:30
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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