Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
20-September-2008 09:29:03 - Anatolia For other uses, see Anatolia disambiguation. This article or section needs copy ing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone or spelling. You can assist by ing it now. A how-to guide is available. September 2007 Anatolia lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Merranean. Anatolia lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Merranean. Anatolia shown in relation to Europe. Anatolia shown in relation to Europe. Anatolia Turkish: Anadolu Greek: Ανατολία, AnatolÃa or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Merranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, and the bulk of the Asian mainland to the east. Contents 1 Name 2 Physical geography 2.1 Black Sea region 2.2 Merranean region 2.3 Anatolian plateau 2.4 Eastern Anatolia 3 Climate 4 Ecoregions 5 History 6 References 7 See also 8 External links 9 Important Links Name The name Anatolia comes from the Greek Aνατολή ΑnatolÃ, rise i.e. sunrise, or Ανατολία AnatolÃa, land of the sunrise or simply the East.1 It likely dates back at least 3,000 years, from the Ionian settlement period called the 1st millennium BC. See also Ionian League. The Byzantine Greek term Anatolicon Easternt signified the lands to the East of Europe and of the Roman Empire's late-era capital city of Constantinople, also New Rome, now Istanbul.2 The etymology of the word supports the idea that Anatolia was a peninsula bordered by the Black Sea, the Merranean Sea, and the Eastern Taurus Range. The Turkish form Anadolu derives from the Greek version-both which predated the growth of Constantinople across the Bosporus strait to both continental shores. Turkish folk etymology further breaks down the geographical term into two words: Ana mother and Dolu full. Thus, the name means Full of Motherliness and is used to advance a pedagogical ideal: Women's contribution of mother's milk to national masculine bravery.3 Less literally, the term is sometimes interpreted as Mother of Cities, referring to Constantinople, perhaps dating to the pre-Islamic era when the Byzantine Empire was the biggest international power known in that part of Asia, and occupied the entire region. For more details on this topic, see Names of Anatolia. Physical geography Relief map of Turkey Relief map of Turkey The Anatolian peninsula is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Merranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea itself an arm of the Merranean to the west, and the bulk of the Asian mainland to the east. Anatolia's terrain is structurally complex. A central massif composed of uplifted blocks and downfolded troughs, covered by recent deposits and giving the appearance of a plateau with rough terrain, is wedged between two folded mountain ranges that converge in the east. True lowland is confined to a few narrow coastal strips along the Black Sea and Merranean Sea coasts. Flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the Kızıl River, the coastal plains of Çukurova, and the valley floors of the Gediz River and the Büyük Menderes River, and some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around Tuz Gölü Salt Lake and Konya Ovası Konya Basin. Black Sea region The Black Sea region has a steep, rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges. The North Anatolian mountains are an interrupted chain of folded highlands that generally parallel the Black Sea coast. A few larger rivers, those cutting back through the Pontic Mountains Turkish: Kaçkar DaÄŸları, have tributaries that flow in broad, elevated basins. Rivers flow from the mountains toward the Black Sea trough in lengthy valleys. Access inland from the coast is limited to a few narrow valleys because mountain ridges, with elevations of 1,525 to 1,800 metres 5,000 to 5,900 ft in the west and 3,000 to 4,000 metres 10000 to 13000 ft in the east in Kaçkar Mountains, form an almost unbroken wall separating the coast from the interior. The higher slopes facing southwest tend to be densely wet. Because of these natural conditions, the Black Sea coast historically has been isolated from Anatolia. The southern slopes-facing the Anatolian Plateau-are mostly unwooded, but the northern slopes contain dense growths of both deciduous and evergreen trees. Merranean region Scene from southern Anatolia Scene from southern Anatolia The narrow coastal plains of the Merranean region, separated from the Anatolian plateau by the Taurus Mountains, which reach elevations of 2,000 to 2,750 metres 6600 to 9000 ft, are cultivated intensively. Fertile soils and a warm climate make the Merranean coast ideal for growing citrus fruits, grapes, figs, bananas, various vegetables, barley, wheat, and, in irrigated areas, rice and cotton. The Çukurova in the east is a plain that is the most developed agricultural area of the Merranean region. Anatolian plateau Stretching inland from the Aegean coastal plain, Central Anatolia occupies the area between the two zones of the folded mountains, extending east to the point where the two ranges converge. The plateau-like, semiarid highlands of Anatolia are considered the heartland of the country. The region varies in elevation from 600 to 1,200 meters 2000 to 4000 ft from west to east. The two largest basins on the plateau are the Konya Ovası and the basin occupied by the large salt lake, Tuz Gölü. Both basins are characterized by inland drainage. Wooded areas are confined to the northwest and northeast of the plateau. Mountains close to the coast prevent Merranean influences from extending inland, giving the interior of Turkey a continental climate with distinct seasons. The Anatolian Plateau is much more subject to extremes than are the coastal areas. Winters on the plateau are especially severe. Temperatures of -30 °C to -40 °C -22 °F to -40 °F can occur in the mountainous areas in the east, and snow may lie on the ground 120 days of the year. In the west, winter temperatures average below 1 °C 34 °F. Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures above 30 °C 86 °F. Annual precipitation averages about 400 mm 15.7 inches, with actual amounts determined by elevation. The driest regions are the Konya Ovası and the Malatya Ovası, where annual rainfall frequently is less than 300 mm 11.8 inches. May is generally the driest month and July and August are the wettest. Eastern Anatolia Eastern Anatolia where the Pontus and Taurus mountain ranges converge, is rugged country with higher elevations, a more severe climate, and greater precipitation than are found on the Anatolian Plateau. The region is known as the Anti-Taurus, and the average elevation of its peaks exceeds 3,000 m. Mount Ararat, at 5,137 metres 16854 ft the highest point in Turkey, is located in the Anti-Taurus. Lake Van is situated in the mountains at an elevation of 1,546 metres 5072 ft. The headwaters of three major rivers arise in the Anti-Taurus: the east-flowing Aras River, which empties into the Caspian Sea; the south-flowing Euphrates and Tigris join in Iraq before emptying into the Persian Gulf. Several small streams that empty into the Black Sea or landlocked Lake Van also originate in these mountains. Southeast Anatolia lies south of the Anti-Taurus Mountains. It is a region of rolling hills and a broad plateau surface that extends into Syria. Elevations decrease gradually, from about 800 metres 2600 ft in the north to about 500 metres 1600 ft in the south. Traditionally, wheat and barley were the main crops of the region, but the inauguration of major new irrigation projects in the 1980s has led to greater agricultural diversity and development. Climate Temperatures of Anatolia Ankara central Anatolia Antalya southern Anatolia Van eastern Anatolia Ecoregions Mountain pastures of northern Anatolia Mountain pastures of northern Anatolia Anatolia's diverse topography and climate has fostered a similar diversity of plant and animal communities. The mountains and coastal plain of northern Anatolia, with its humid and mild climate, is home to temperate broadleaf, mixed, and coniferous forests. The central and eastern plateau, with its drier continental climate, is home to deciduous forests and forest steppes. Western and southern Anatolia, which have a Merranean climate, are home to Merranean forests, woodlands, and shrub ecoregions. Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests: These temperate broadleaf and mixed forests extend across northern Anatolia, lying between the mountains of northern Anatolia and the Black Sea. They include the enclaves of temperate rainforest lying along the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in eastern Turkey and Georgia.4 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests: These forests occupy the mountains of northern Anatolia, running east and west between the coastal Euxine-Colchic forests and the drier, continental climate forests of central and eastern Anatolia. 5 Central Anatolian deciduous forests: These forests of deciduous oaks and evergreen pines cover the plateau of central Anatolia. 6 Central Anatolian steppe: These dry grasslands cover the drier valleys and surround the saline lakes of central Anatolia, and include halophytic salt tolerant plant communities. 7 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests: This ecoregion occupies the plateau of eastern Anatolia. The drier and more continental climate is home to steppe-forests dominated by deciduous oaks, with areas of shrubland, montane forest, and valley forest. 8 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests These forests occupy the western, Merranean-climate portion of the Anatolian plateau. Pine forests and mixed pine and oak woodlands and shrublands are predominant. 9 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests: These Merranean-climate forests occupy the coastal lowlands and valleys of western Anatolia bordering the Aegean Sea. The ecoregion is home to forests of Turkish Pine Pinus brutia, oak forests and woodlands, and maquis shrubland of Turkish Pine and evergreen sclerophyllous trees and shrubs, including Olive Olea europaea, Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo, Arbutus andrachne, Kermes Oak Quercus coccifera, and Bay Laurel Laurus nobilis. 10 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests: These mountain forests occupy the Merranean-climate Taurus Mountains of southern Anatolia. Conifer forests are predominant, chiefly Anatolian black pine Pinus nigra, Cedar of Lebanon Cedrus libani, Taurus fir Abies cilicica, and juniper Juniperus foetidissima and J. excelsa. Broadleaf trees include oaks, hornbeam, and maples. 11 Eastern Merranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests: This ecoregion occupies the coastal strip of southern Anatolia, between the Taurus Mountains and the Merranean Sea. Plant communities include broadleaf sclerophyllous maquis shrublands, forests of Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis and Turkish Pine Pinus brutia, and dry oak Quercus spp. woodlands and steppes. 12 History Main article: History of Anatolia Western Anatolian knotted wool 'Lotto carpet', 16th century, Saint Louis Art Museum Western Anatolian knotted wool 'Lotto carpet', 16th century, Saint Louis Art Museum Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, Anatolia has been the center of several civilizations since prehistoric times. Neolithic settlements such as Çatalhöyük, Çayönü, Nevali Cori, Hacilar, Göbekli Tepe, and Mersin are being explored by archaeologists. Through recorded history, Anatolians have spoken both Indo-European and Semitic languages, as well as many languages of uncertain affiliations. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical center from which the Indo-European languages originated. The earliest definitive record of rule in Anatolia is from the Akkadian Empire under Sargon in the 24th century BCE. The region was famous for exporting various raw materials .13 Akkad suffered problematic climate changes in Mesopotamia, as well as a reduction in available manpower that affected trade. This led to the fall of the Akkadians around 2150 BCE at the hands of the Gutians.14 After the Gutians were vanquished, the Assyrian Empire claimed the resources, notably silver. One of the numerous Assyrian cuneiform records found in Anatolia at Kanesh uses an advanced system of trading computations and cr lines.13 More than 2500 years ago, the area was home for Armenians. In the first century BC, it was a part of the domain of the Armenian king Tigran who reigned throughout much of the region situated between the Caspian, Black and Merranean seas. The Turkish language was introduced gradually with the conquest of Anatolia by Turkic peoples from the 11th century AD. Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early 20th century see Rise of Nationalism under the Ottoman Empire. Beginning in 1915, the indigenous Christian Armenian population of Eastern Anatolia was systematically wiped outcitation needed, and by the time the Turkish Republic was established there were few Armenians left in the Anatolian interior see Armenian Genocide. Greeks who were native to Western Anatolia were also driven out, notable in the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, which occurred as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne, where most of the Turks in Greece were moved to Turkey and vice versa. Today, the inhabitants of Anatolia are mainly Turks and Kurds as well as Assyrian and Chaldean Christians, an ethnic and linguistic minority who exist in the southeastern regions. Georgians see Chveneburi have a presence in the northeast. References ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon ^ On the First Thema, Called Anatolikon. This theme is called Anatolikon, not because it is above and in the direction of the east where the sun rises, but because it lies East of Byzantium and Europe. Constantine VII Porphyogenitus, De Thematibus, ed. A. Pertusi. Vatican: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1952, pp. 59-61.clarify ^ Sam Kaplan, Din-u Devlet All Over Again?, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 34:117 2002 ^ Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008. 1 ^ Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008. 2 ^ Central Anatolian deciduous forests National Geographic ecoregion profile. Accessed May 25, 2008 3 ^ Central Anatolian steppe WWF scientific Report. Accessed May 25 2008 4 ^ Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008. 5 ^ Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008 6 ^ Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008 7 ^ Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25 2008 8 ^ SEastern Merranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests WWF scientific report. Accessed May 25, 2008 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1207_full.html ^ a b Freeman, Charles 1999. Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Merranean. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198721943. ^ Saggs, H.W.F. 2000. Babylonians. University of California Press. ISBN 0520202228. See also Anatolianism History of Anatolia Anatolian Turkish Beyliks 1268 Cilicia earthquake Anatolian Bulgarians Ancient Greece Armenia Byzantine Empire Caria Cilicia Etruscans Hittites Kurd Lazs Lycia Lydia Ottoman Empire Pamphylia Phrygia Pontus Saint Anatolia, Roman Catholic Saint Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm Turkey External links v d e History of Anatolia v d e Flag of Turkey Turkey topics People and biographies Turkic peoples · Turkish people · Atatürk · Ä°nönü · Demirel · Özal · ErdoÄŸan History timeline Early Sultanate of Rûm · Anatolian Turkish Beyliks Ottoman Rise · Growth · Stagnation · Decline · Dissolution Republic War of Independence · Single-party period · Multi-party period By topic Constitutional · Economic · Military Politics and government President · Prime Minister · Parliament · Council of Ministers · Political parties · Elections · Foreign relations · Military · Secularism Legal system Constitution · Constitutional Court · Crime · Law enforcement · Article 301 Geography and tourism Anatolia · Thrace · Regions · Provinces · Districts · Cities · Environmental issues · Mountains · Islands · Rivers · Turkish Riviera Economy and transport Industries · Companies · Stock Exchange · Central Bank · Other banks · EU Customs Union · Southeastern Anatolia Project · Currency · Railways · Aviation Demographics Turkish language · Education · Religion · Islam · Turkish diaspora · Immigration · Human rights Culture and media Ottoman architecture · Art · Cinema · Cuisine · Dance · Festivals · Folklore · Public holidays · Literature · Music · Sport · Theatre · Wine · Newspapers · Radio stations · Television Symbols Emblem · Flag · National anthem Turkey portal v d e Regions of the world Location of Africa Africa North Maghreb · Central · South · West · East Location of the Middle East Middle East Arabian Peninsula · Caucasus · Levant · Persian Plateau Location of the Americas Americas North Northern Middle Central Caribbean · South Southern Cone Location of Oceania Oceania Australasia · Melanesia · Micronesia · Polynesia Location of Asia Asia East Far East Asia-Pacific · Southeast · South Indian subcontinent · Southwest · Central · North Siberia Location of the Polar regions Polar Arctic · Antarctica Location of Europe Europe West · Central · East · North · South Oceans of the world Oceans World · Arctic · Atlantic · Indian · Pacific · Southern See also Continents of the world v d e Subfields of physical geography Biogeography · Climatology / Paleoclimatology · Coastal geography · Geomorphology · Glaciology · Hydrology / Hydrography · Landscape ecology · Limnology · Oceanography · Palaeogeography · Pedology · Quaternary science v d e Geography topics Geography · History of geography Branches Human Behavioral · Cultural · Demography · Development · Economic · Feminist · Health · Historical · Political · Regional · Urban Physical Biogeography · Climatology · Coastal · Environmental · Geodesy · Geomorphology · Glaciology · Hydrology · Landscape ecology · Limnology · Oceanography · Palaeogeography · Pedology · Quaternary science Techniques Cartography · Geographic Information Systems GIS · Geostatistics · Global Positioning System GPS · Remote sensing · Spatial data analysis · Qualitative methods Societies American Geographical Society · Association of American Geographers · European Geography Association · Geographical Association · Hong Kong Geographical Association · International Geographical Union · National Geographic Society · Royal Canadian Geographical Society · Royal Geographical Society · Royal Scottish Geographical Society · Russian Geographical Society · Saudi Geographical Society · Society of Woman Geographers · Société de Géographie Lists Basic topics · Geographers · Geography of countries Important Links This Site Anatolians Schools Fan From Turkey.. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Anatolia Categories: Physical geography | Geography of Turkey | Ancient Greek geography | Peninsulas of Asia | Physiographic provincesHidden categories: articles needing clarification | articles needing copy from September 2007 | All articles needing copy | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since June 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Ü?ܪܡÜ?Ü? Asturianu AzÉ™rbaycan Bosanski БългарÑ?ки Català Чăвашла ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Føroyskt Français Galego í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית ქáƒ?რთული Kiswahili Kurdî / كوردی Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar МакедонÑ?ки Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Nouormand Plattdüütsch Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو Zazaki ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 15 August 2008, at 11:47
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie video
The Power of You video
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.