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20-September-2008 09:29:09 - Antisense RNA Antisense RNA aRNA is single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a messenger RNA mRNA strand transcribed within a cell. Antisense RNA may be introduced into a cell to inhibit translation of a complementary mRNA by base pairing to it and physically obstructing the translation machinery. This effect is therefore stoichiometric. An example of naturally occurring mRNA antisense mechanism is the hok/sok system of the E.coli R1 plasmid. Antisense RNA has long been thought of as a promising technique for disease therapy; the only such case to have reached the market is the drug fomivirsen. Generally, antisense RNA still lack effective design, biological activity, and efficient route of administration.1 Historically, the effects of antisense RNA have often been confused with the effects of RNA interference, a related process in which double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNAs trigger catalytically mediated gene silencing, most typically by targeting the RNA-induced silencing complex RISC to bind to and degrade the mRNA. Attempts to genetically engineer transgenic plants to express antisense RNA instead activate the RNAi pathway, although the processes result in differing magnitudes of the same downstream effect, gene silencing. Well-known examples include the Flavr Savr tomato and two cultivars of ringspot-resistant papaya.23 References ^ Antisense Oligonucleotides: Basic Concepts and Mechanisms Nathalie Dias and C. A. Stein. Columbia University, New York, New York 10032 ^ Sanders RA, Hiatt W. 2005. Tomato transgene structure and silencing. Nat Biotechnol 233:287-9. PMID 15765076 ^ Chiang C, Wang J, Jan F, Yeh S, Gonsalves D 2001. Comparative reactions of recombinant papaya ringspot viruses with chimeric coat protein CP genes and wild-type viruses on CP-transgenic papaya. J Gen Virol Pt 11: 2827-36. PMID 11602796 v d e Natural antisense transcripts Antisense RNA · Cis-natural antisense transcript · Large non-coding RNA · MicroRNA · Small interfering RNA · Small temporal RNA · Trans-acting siRNA v d e Types of nucleic acids Constituents Nucleobases | Nucleosides | Nucleotides | Deoxynucleotides Ribonucleic acids RNA | mRNA pre-mRNA/hnRNA | tRNA | rRNA | aRNA | gRNA | miRNA | ncRNA | piRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | snoRNA | stRNA | ta-siRNA | tmRNA Deoxyribonucleic acids DNA | cDNA | gDNA | msDNA | mtDNA Nucleic acid analogues GNA | LNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino Cloning vectors phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC Major families of biochemicals Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles This cell biology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Antisense_RNA Categories: Cell biology stubs | Antisense RNA Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Nederlands SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina This page was last modified on 24 July 2008, at 21:36
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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