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20-September-2008 09:29:03 - Balkans Balkan redirects here. For other uses, see Balkan disambiguation. The Balkan Peninsula, as defined by the Danube-Sava-Kupa line. The Balkan Peninsula, as defined by the Danube-Sava-Kupa line. The Balkans is the historical name of a geographic region of southeastern Europe. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains, which run through the centre of Bulgaria into eastern Serbia. The region has a combined area of 550,000 km² 212,000 sq mi and a population of about 55 million people. The ancient Greek name for the Balkan Peninsula was the Peninsula of Haemus ΧεÏ?σόνησος του Αίμου, Chersónisos tou AÃmou. Contents 1 Definitions and boundaries 1.1 Balkan Peninsula 1.2 The Balkans 1.3 Etymology and evolving meaning 1.4 Southeastern Europe 1.5 Western Balkans 1.6 Ambiguities and controversies 1.7 Current common definition 1.8 Related countries 2 Regional organizations 3 Nature and natural resources 4 History and geopolitical significance 5 Population composition by nationality and religion 6 Jewish Communities of the Balkans 7 References 7.1 Notes 7.2 Sources 8 See also 9 External links Definitions and boundaries Balkan Peninsula Line stretching from the northernmost point of the Adriatic to the northernmost point of the Black Seacitation needed Line stretching from the northernmost point of the Adriatic to the northernmost point of the Black Seacitation needed The Balkans are adjoined by water on three sides: the Black Sea to the east and branches of the Merranean Sea to the south and west including the Adriatic, Ionian, Aegean and Marmara seas. The Balkans The identity of the Balkans is dominated by its geographical position; historically the area was known as a crossroads of various cultures. It has been a juncture between the Latin and Greek bodies of the Roman Empire, the destination of a massive influx of pagan Slavs, an area where Orthodox and Catholic Christianity met, as well as the meeting point between Islam and Christianity. The Balkans today is a very diverse ethno-linguistic region, being home to multiple Slavic, Romance, and Turkic languages, as well as Greek, Albanian, and others. Through its history many other ethnic groups with their own languages lived in the area, among them Thracians, Illyrians, Romans, Uzes, Pechenegs, Cumans, Avars, Celts, Germans, and various Germanic tribes. Possibly the historical event that left the biggest mark on the collective memories of the peoples of the Balkans was the expansion and later fall of the Ottoman Empire. Many people in the Balkans place their greatest folk heroes in the era of either the onslaught or the retreat of the Ottoman Empire. For Serbs, MiloÅ¡ Obilić, for Albanians, Skanderbeg, for ethnic Macedonians, Nikola Karev, for Bosniaks, Husein GradaÅ¡Ä?ević and for Bulgarians, Vasil Levski. In the 20th century, the Balkan nations-except Greece and Yugoslavia-were made part of the Warsaw pact as a result of Soviet hegemony after the ending of World War II. Following the pact's collapse and the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Balkan states have acceded to the European Union, or are in the process of doing so. Etymology and evolving meaning The region takes its name from the Balkan mountain range in Bulgaria from the Turkish balkan meaning a chain of wooded mountains.1 The name is still preserved in Central Asia where there exist the Balkan Mountains2 and the Balkan Province of Turkmenistan. On a larger scale, one long continuous chain of mountains crosses the region in the form of a reversed letter S, from the Carpathians south to the Balkan range proper, before it marches away east into Anatolian Turkey. On the west coast, an offshoot of the Dinaric Alps follows the coast south through Dalmatia and Albania, crosses Greece and continues into the sea in the form of various islands. The word was based on Turkish balakan 'stone, cliff', which confirms the pure 'technical' meaning of the term. The mountain range that runs across Bulgaria from west to east Stara Planina is still commonly known as the Balkan Mountains. The first time the name Balkan was used in the West for the mountain range in Bulgaria was in a letter by Buonaccorsi Callimarco, an Italian humanist, writer and diplomat in 1490. An English traveler, John Morritt, introduced this term into the English literature at the end of the 18th century, and other authors started applying the name to the wider area between the Adriatic and the Black Sea. The concept of the Balkan peninsula was created by the German geographer August Zeune in 1808.3 As time passed, the term gradually obtained political connotations far from its initial geographic meaning, arising from political changes from the late 1800s to the creation of post-World War I Yugoslavia initially the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Zeune's goal was to have a geographical parallel term to the Italic and Iberian Peninsula, and seemingly nothing more. The gradually acquired political connotations are newer, and, to a large extent, due to oscillating political circumstances. The term Balkans is generally used to describe areas that remained under Turkish rule after 1699, namely: Bulgaria, Serbia except for Vojvodina, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro except for the Boka Bay and Budva, and continental Greece. Vojvodina and Transylvania, it is argued, do not belong to Balkans. After the split of Yugoslavia beginning in June 1991, the term 'Balkans' again received a negative meaning, even in casual usagecitation needed. Over the last decade, in the wake of the former Yugoslav split, Slovenes have rejected their former label as 'Balkan nations'. This is in part due to the pejorative connotation of the term 'Balkans' in the 1990s, and continuation of this meaning until now. Today, the term 'Southeast Europe' is preferred or, in the case of Slovenia and Croatia, 'Central Europe'. Southeastern Europe Due to the aforementioned connotations of the term 'Balkan', many people prefer the term Southeastern Europe instead. The use of this term is slowly growing; a European Union initiative of 1999 is called the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, and the online newspaper Balkan Times renamed itself Southeast European Times in 2003. The use of this term to mean the Balkan peninsula and only that technically ignores the geographical presence of northern Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria and Ciscaucasus, which are also located in the southeastern part of the European continent. The Western Balkan states according to the European Union The Western Balkan states according to the European Union Western Balkans European Union institutions and member states use the term Western Balkans to refer to Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia.4 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development uses Western Balkans to refer to the above states, minus Croatia.5656 Ambiguities and controversies This section needs additional citations for verification. May 2008 The northern border of the Balkan peninsula is usually considered to be the line formed by the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers and a segment connecting the spring of the Kupa with the Kvarner Bay. Some other definitions of the northern border of the Balkans have been proposed: the line Danube - Sava - Krka River - Postojnska Vrata - Vipava River - SoÄ?a the line Danube - Sava - Ljubljansko Polje - Idrijca - SoÄ?a the line Dniester - TimiÅŸoara - Zagreb - Triglav the line Trieste - Odessa Trieste-Odessa line7 the line Bay of Trieste - Ljubljana - Sava - Danube 8 Balkan peninsula with northwest border SoÄ?a-Krka-Sava Balkan peninsula with northwest border SoÄ?a-Krka-Sava The most commonly used Danube-Sava-Kupa northern boundary is arbitrarily set as to the physiographical characteristics, however it can be easily recognized on the map. It has a historical and cultural substantiation. The region so defined excluding Montenegro, Dalmatia, and the Ionian Islands constituted most of the European territory of the Ottoman Empire from the late 15th to the 19th century. Kupa forms a natural boundary between south-eastern Slovenia and Croatia and has been a political frontier since the 12th century, separating Carniola belonging to Austria from Croatia belonging to Hungary. The Danube-Sava-Krka-Postojnska Vrata-Vipava-Isonzo line ignores some historical and cultural characteristics, but can be seen as a rational delimitation of the Balkan peninsula from a geographical point of view. It assigns all the Karstic and Dinaric area to the Balkan region. The other separation is Danube-Sava-Una, which is a natural border between Croatia, and Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovnia. The Sava bisects Croatia and Serbia and the Danube, which is the second largest European river after Volga, forms a natural boundary between both Bulgaria and Serbia and Romania. North of that line lies the Pannonian plain and in the case of Romania the Carpathian mountains. Although Romania with the exception of Dobrudja is not geographically a part of the Balkans, it is often included in the Balkans in public discourse. The northern boundary of the Balkan peninsula can also be drawn otherwise, in which case at least a part of Slovenia and a small part of Italy Province of Trieste may be included in the Balkans.citation needed Croatia is located by half in the Balkan Peninsula and it is generally included to the Balkan states. Slovenia is also sometimes regarded as a Balkan country due to its association with the former Yugoslavia. When the Balkans are described as a twentieth-century geopolitical region, the whole Yugoslavia is included in which case Slovenia, Croatia and Vojvodina would also be considered Balkan. Current common definition In most of the English-speaking, western world, the countries commonly included in the Balkan region are:91011121314 Flag of Albania Albania Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria Flag of Croatia Croatia Flag of Greece Greece Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia Flag of Montenegro Montenegro Flag of Serbia Serbia Kosovo independence only partially recognized by the international community Related countries Some other countries are sometimes included in the list as well: Flag of Moldova Moldova Flag of Romania Romania Flag of Slovenia Slovenia Flag of Turkey Turkey a transcontinental country15 Other countries not included in the Balkan region that are close to it and/or play or have played an important role in the region's geopolitics, culture and history: Flag of Austria Austria see also Austria-Hungary, Assassination in Sarajevo Flag of Cyprus Cyprus Flag of Hungary Hungary see also Austria-Hungary Flag of Italy Italy see Triest and History of the Venetian Republic Flag of Russia Russia see History of Serbia Regional organizations Southeast European Cooperation Process SEECP member states Southeast European Cooperation Process SEECP member states Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe members observers supporting partners Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe members observers supporting partners Central European Free Trade Agreement CEFTA members former members, joined the EU Central European Free Trade Agreement CEFTA members former members, joined the EU Central European Initiative CEI member states Central European Initiative CEI member states Southeast European Cooperative Initiative SECI members observers Southeast European Cooperative Initiative SECI members observers Black Sea Economic Cooperation BSEC members observers Black Sea Economic Cooperation BSEC members observers See also the Black Sea Regional organizations Nature and natural resources Southeastern Europe as seen from NASA's Terra Satellite Southeastern Europe as seen from NASA's Terra Satellite Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from north-west to south-east. The main ranges are the Dinaric Alps in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, the Å ar massif which spreads from Albania to Republic of Macedonia and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece. In Bulgaria there are ranges running from east to west: the Balkan mountains and the Rhodope mountains at the border with Greece. The highest mountain of the region is Musala in Bulgaria at 2925 m, with Mount Olympus in Greece, the throne of Zeus, being second at 2919 m and Vihren in Bulgaria being the third at 2914. On the coasts the climate is Merranean, in the inland it is moderate continental. In the northern part of the peninsula and on the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. In the southern part winters are milder. During the centuries many woods have been cut down and replaced with bush and brush. In the southern part and on the coast there is evergreen vegetation. In the inland there are woods typical of Central Europe oak and beech, and in the mountains, spruce, fir and pine. The tree line in the mountains lies at the height of 1800-2300 m. The soils are generally poor, except on the plains where areas with natural grass, fertile soils and warm summers provide an opportunity for tillage. Elsewhere, land cultivation is mostly unsuccessful because of the mountains, hot summers and poor soils, although certain cultures such as olives and grapes flourish. Resources of energy are scarce. There are some deposits of coal, especially in Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. Lignite deposits are widespread in Greece. Petroleum is most notably present in Romania, although scarce reserves exist in Greece, Serbia, Albania and Croatia. Natural gas deposits are scarce. Hydropower stations are largely used in energetics. Metal ores are more usual than other raw materials. Iron ore is rare but in some countries there is a considerable amount of copper, zinc, tin, chromite, manganese, magnesite and bauxite. Some metals are exported. History and geopolitical significance Political history of the Balkans Political history of the Balkans Main article: History of the Balkans The Balkan region was the first area of Europe to experience the arrival of farming cultures in the Neolithic era. The practices of growing grain and raising livestock arrived in the Balkans from the Fertile Crescent by way of Anatolia, and spread west and north into Pannonia and Central Europe. In pre-classical and classical antiquity, this region was home to Greek city-states, Illyrians, Paeonians, Thracians, Epirotes, Mollosians, Thessalians, Dacians and other ancient groups. Later the Roman Empire conquered most of the region and spread Roman culture and the Latin language but significant parts still remained under classical Greek influence. During the Middle Ages, the Balkans became the stage for a series of wars between the Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian Empires. The Balkans at the end of the 19th century The Balkans at the end of the 19th century By the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire became the controlling force in the region, although it was centered around Anatolia. In the past 550 years, because of the frequent Ottoman wars in Europe fought in and around the Balkans, and the comparative Ottoman isolation from the mainstream of economic advance reflecting the shift of Europe's commercial and political centre of gravity towards the Atlantic, the Balkans has been the least developed part of Europe. The Balkan nations began to regain their independence in the 19th century Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and in 1912-1913 a Balkan League reduced Turkey's territory to its present extent in the Balkan Wars. The First World War was sparked in 1914 by the assassination in Sarajevo the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. After the Second World War, the Soviet Union and communism played a very important role in the Balkans. During the Cold War, most of the countries in the Balkans were ruled by Soviet-supported communist governments. However, despite being under communist governments, Yugoslavia 1948 and Albania 1961 fell out with the Soviet Union. Yugoslavia, led by marshal Josip Broz Tito 1892-1980, first propped up then rejected the idea of merging with Bulgaria, and instead sought closer relations with the West, later even joining many third world countries in the Non-Aligned Movement. Albania on the other hand gravitated toward Communist China, later adopting an isolationist position. The only non-communist countries were Greece and Turkey, which were and still are part of NATO. In the 1990s, the region was gravely affected by armed conflict in the former Yugoslav republics, resulting in intervention by NATO forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and the Republic of Macedonia. The status of Kosovo and ethnic Albanians in general is still mostly unresolved. Balkan countries control the direct land routes between Western Europe and South West Asia Asia Minor and the Middle East. Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been a member of the European Union since 1981; Slovenia and Cyprus since 2004. Bulgaria and Romania became members in 2007. In 2005 the European Union decided to start accession negotiations with candidate countries; Croatia, Turkey, and the Republic of Macedonia were accepted as candidates for European Union membership. As of 2004, Bulgaria, Romania and Slovenia are also members of NATO. Bosnia and Herzegovina and what was then Serbia and Montenegro started negotiations with the EU over the Stabilisation and Accession Agreements, although shortly after they started, negotiations with Serbia and Montenegro were suspended for lack of co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. All other countries have expressed a desire to join the EU but at some date in the future. Population composition by nationality and religion This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. April 2008 Ethnic map of the Balkans prior to the First Balkan War, by Paul Vidal de la Blache. Ethnic map of the Balkans prior to the First Balkan War, by Paul Vidal de la Blache. The region's principal nationalities include: Romanians 20 million Greeks 11.5 million Turks 10 million Serbs 10 million Bulgarians 7.3 million Albanians 7 million Croats 4.5 million Bosniaks 2 million Slovenes 1.8 million Macedonians 1.3 million Montenegrins 0.3 million others Roma, Jews The region's principal religions are Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity and Islam. A variety of different traditions of each faith are practiced, with each of the Eastern Orthodox countries having its own national church. Eastern Orthodoxy is the principal religion in the following countries: Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox Church Greece Church of Greece Republic of Macedonia Macedonian Orthodox Church Montenegro Serbian Orthodox Church Romania Romanian Orthodox Church Serbia Serbian Orthodox Church Roman Catholicism is the principal religion in the following countries: Croatia Slovenia Islam is the principal religion in the following countries: Albania Bosnia Herzegovina 40% Muslim Turkey Kosovo The following countries have significant minority religious groups of the following denominations: Albania: Eastern Orthodox, Catholicism. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Eastern Orthodox, Catholicism Bulgaria: Islam. Croatia: Serbs of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Kosovo: Serbs of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Republic of Macedonia: Albanian and Turkish minorities are predominantly Muslim. Montenegro: Albanians and Bosniaks and other Slavic Muslims are followers of Islam. Serbia: Albanians and Bosniaks and other Slavic Muslims e.g. Gorani are followers of Islam, Hungarians and Croats are mostly Catholic, Slovaks are mostly Protestant Evangelic. For more detailed information and a precise ethnic breakdown see articles about particular states: Albania, Demographics of Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina, Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Demographics of Bulgaria Greece, Demographics of Greece Kosovo, Demographics of Kosovo Montenegro, Demographics of Montenegro Republic of Macedonia, Demographics of the Republic of Macedonia Serbia, Demographics of Serbia Turkey, Demographics of Turkey Jewish Communities of the Balkans The Jewish communities of the Balkans are some of the oldest in Europe and date back to ancient times as well as having received a large influx of Sephardic Jews and later Ashkenazi Jews. In Slovenia, there were Jewish immigrants dating back to Roman times pre-dating the 6th Century settlement of the region by the Slavic peoples.16 In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Jewish communitiy is 90% Sephardic Jews of Spanish origin and Ladino is still spoken among the elderly. The Sephardi Jewish cemetery in Sarajevo is one of the most important Jewish burial grounds in Europe because of the shape of the tombstones and the ancient Ladino inscriptions on them.17 References February 2008 Notes ^ Balkan. in English. Encarta World English Dictionary. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Balkhan Mountains. in English. World Land Features Database. Land.WorldCityDB.com. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Pavic, Silvia 2000-11-22. Some Thoughts About The Balkans. in English. About, Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Western Balkans: Enhancing the European Perspective. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. ^ a b Marjola Xhunga 2006-05-21. Western Balkans Initiative launched, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Retrieved on 2008-05-17. ^ a b http://www.ebrd.com/pubs/factsh/themes/wbalkans.pdf ^ 562 Salmonsens konversationsleksikon / Anden Udgave / Bind II: Arbejderhaver-Benzol ^ Projekat Rastko - Jovan Ilic - The Balkan Geopolitical Knot and the Serbian Question ^ britannica.com - Balkans, comprising Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Moldova ^ encarta.msn.com - commonly known as the Balkan states: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria ^ The Columbia Encyclopedia - The Balkan Peninsula therefore includes most of Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, continental Greece including the Peloponnesus, Bulgaria, European Turkey, and SE Romania. These countries, successors to the Ottoman Empire, are called the Balkan States. Historically and politically the region extends north of this line to include all of Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Romania. ^ Croatia :: About Croatia ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113768/CROATIA ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9112720/CROATIA ^ Only the European section of it traditionally called Rumelia or Eastern Thrace is in the Balkans. Balkan Peninsula. in English. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-03-31. ^ Jews of Yugoslavia 1941-1945 Victims of Genocide and Freedom Fighters, Jasa Romano ^ http://www.eurojewcong.org/ejc/news.php?id_article=59 Accessed July 15, 2008. Sources Banac, Ivo October 1992. Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe: Yugoslavia fee required. American Historical Review 97 4: pp. 1084-1104. University of Chicago Press. doi:10.2307/2165494. Retrieved on 2008-06-19. Banac, Ivo 1984. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801494932. Carter, Francis W., ed. An Historical Geography of the Balkans Academic Press, 1977. Dvornik, Francis. The Slavs in European History and Civilization Rutgers University Press, 1962. Fine, John V. A., Jr. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century 1983; The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987. John R. Lampe and Marvin R. Jackson; Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations Indiana University Press, 1982 Jelavich, Barbara 1983-07-29. History of the Balkans. Cambridge University Press. Jelavich, Charles and Jelavich, Barbara, eds. 1963. The Balkans In Transition: Essays on the Development of Balkan Life and Politics Since the Eighteenth Century. University of California Press. Király, Béla K., ed. East Central European Society in the Era of Revolutions, 1775-1856. 1984 Komlos, John 1990-10-15. Economic Development in the Habsburg Monarchy and in the Successor States, East European Monographs #28. East European Monographs. ISBN 978-0880331777. Mazower, Mark 2000. The Balkans: A Short History, Modern Library Chronicles. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-64087-8. Stavrianos, L. S. 1958 2000-05-01. The Balkans since 1453, with Traian Stoianovich, New York: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814797662. Stoianovich, Traian September 1994. Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe, Sources and Studies in World History. New York: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-1563240324. See also History of the Balkans Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula Balkan wars Balkan languages Balkan sprachbund Balkanization Balkan Insight Orient Express Music of Southeastern Europe The Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Balkans Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Balkans South-East Europe Review BalkanBaby travel writing, analysis and photos from the Balkans Balkan History by Steven W. Sowards SEEurope.net - news coverage on Southeastern Europe Southeast European Times The Centre for South East European Studies Balkans region: Oil and Gas Fact Sheet - United States Department of Energy Analysis Brief Balkans urged to curb trafficking - BBC News from Balkans Analysis from Balkans v d e Balkan music By style Pop-folk · Laïkó · Laïka · Sirto · Skiladiko · Manele · Chalga · Turbo-folk · Arabesque music · Romani music · Tsifteteli · ÄŒoÄ?ek · Rebetiko · Balkan Brass · Traditional music · Sevdalinka · Tallava · Kanto · Koumpaneia · Narodna muzika · Kalamatianos · Balkan Pop · Kurbeti · ÄŒalgija · Starogradska muzika · Rapbesk · Å ota · Ballos By region Albania · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Southern Cyprus · Greece · Kosovo · Montenegro · Romania · Serbia · Macedonia · Turkey · Croatia · Slovenia · Moldova Related topics World music · List of music genres · Lists of traditions · Festivals · Middle Eastern dance · Halay · Dabke · Hasapiko · Dastgah · Maqam · Makam · Usul · Iqa' · Horon · Hora · Kolo · List of Serbian folk songs · List of Montenegrin folk songs · Famous Balkan musician and composer Balkan folk dance Adana dance · Ballos · Berovka · BufÄ?ansko · Crnogorka · Crpi voda, Jano · Gluvo-nemo · Jeni Jol · Karşılama · KopaÄ?ka · Paidushko horo · Pembe · Podaraki · PotrÄ?ulka · Povrateno · Rustem · Skudrinka · StarotikveÅ¡ko · Svadbarsko · Tresenica · Tsestos · VleÄ?enoto · Zonaradiko · Å opka · Gankino horo · Daichovo horo · Kopanitsa · Yove male mome · Å ota · Pentozali · Trata · Kochari · Kara Gözlü Hasanım · Tamzara · Zaiko Folk musicians Cretan folk musicians · Albanian folk musicians · Turkish folk musicians v d e Regions of the world Location of Africa Africa North Maghreb · Central · South · West · East Location of the Middle East Middle East Arabian Peninsula · Caucasus · Levant · Persian Plateau Location of the Americas Americas North Northern Middle Central Caribbean · South Southern Cone Location of Oceania Oceania Australasia · Melanesia · Micronesia · Polynesia Location of Asia Asia East Far East Asia-Pacific · Southeast · South Indian subcontinent · Southwest · Central · North Siberia Location of the Polar regions Polar Arctic · Antarctica Location of Europe Europe West · Central · East · North · South Oceans of the world Oceans World · Arctic · Atlantic · Indian · Pacific · Southern See also Continents of the world Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Balkans Categories: Balkans | Peninsulas of Europe | Words of Turkish originHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since May 2008 | Articles with statements since July 2008 | Articles needing additional references from May 2008 | Articles needing additional references from April 2008 | Articles needing additional references from February 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Alemannisch العربية Arpetan Asturianu БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Чăвашла ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Furlan Gaeilge Gà idhlig Galego 文言 í•œêµì–´ हिनà¥?दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Kiswahili Kurdî / كوردی Ladino Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lietuvių Magyar МакедонÑ?ки Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands नेपाल à¤à¤¾à¤·à¤¾ 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Nouormand Occitan Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Shqip Sicilianu Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو Vèneto ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 14 August 2008, at 14:35
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