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20-September-2008 09:29:10 - Brunei بروني دارالسلام Negara Brunei Darussalam State of Brunei, Abode of Peace Flag of Brunei Coat of arms of Brunei Flag Coat of arms Motto: Always in service with God's guidance translation Anthem: Allah Peliharakan Sultan God Bless the Sultan Location of Brunei Capital and largest city Bandar Seri Begawan Official languages Malay, Bruneian Demonym Bruneian Government Absolute Islamic Sultanate - Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Independence - End of British occupation January 1, 1984 Area - Total 5,765 km² 172th 2,226 sq mi - Water % 8.6 Population - July 2008 estimate 381,3711 - Density 66/km² 134th 168/sq mi GDP PPP 2005 estimate - Total $10.199 billion 138th - Per capita $24,826 26th HDI 2007 â–² 0.894 high 30th Currency Brunei dollar BND Time zone UTC+8.1 Internet TLD .bn Calling code +6731 1 Also 080 from East Malaysia Brunei Darussalam, pronounced /bruË?ˈnaɪ/ in English officially the State of Brunei, Abode of Peace Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: برني دارالسلام, is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea it is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and in fact it is separated into two parts by Limbang, which is part of Sarawak. Brunei, the remnant of a very powerful sultanate, regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Contents 1 History 2 Politics and government 2.1 International organisations and Brunei 2.2 Press freedom 2.3 Territorial disputes 3 Districts and mukims 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Healthcare 7 Transport 8 Ethnicity 9 Demographics 10 Culture 10.1 Prohibition of alcohol 10.2 Bruneian celebrities 11 See also 12 Notes and references 13 Bibliography 14 External links History Main article: History of Brunei The Sultanate of Brunei was very powerful from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century.citation needed Its realm extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. European influence gradually brought an end to this regional power. Later, there was a brief war with Spain, in which Brunei's capital was occupied. Eventually the sultanate was victorious but lost territories to Spain. The decline of the Bruneian Empire culminated in the nineteenth century when Brunei lost much of its territory to the White Rajahs of Sarawak, resulting in its current small landmass and separation into two parts. Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984. Brunei was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; Britain did not defend Brunei in spite of an Agreement to do so2. There was a small rebellion against the monarchy during the 1960s, which was suppressed by the United Kingdom. This event became known as the Brunei Revolt and was partly responsible for the failure to create the North Borneo Federation. The rebellion also affected Brunei's decision to opt out of the Malaysian Federation and was the first stage of the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. Politics and government Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei. Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei. Main article: Politics of Brunei The Sultanate of Brunei was founded when Sharif Ali of Hejadz married the local Brunei princess. He brought Islam and founded many mosques in Brunei. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, whose title has passed within the same dynasty since the fifteenth century, is the head of state and head of government in Brunei. The Sultan is advised by several councils and a cabinet of ministers although he is effectively the supreme ruler. The media is extremely pro-government and the Royal family retains a venerated status within the country. Brunei is an absolute monarchy and the king has absolute power. There is no elected legislative body. In September 2004, the Sultan convened an appointed Parliament which had not met since independence in 1984, although it lacks any capacity beyond advising the monarch. The country has been under an Internal Security Act since a rebellion in the early 1960s was put down by British troops from Singapore. Arrests under the internal security act are still commonplace.2 International organisations and Brunei Brunei is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, and ASEAN. Press freedom Brunei has been given Not Free status by Freedom House; press criticism of the government and monarchy is rare.3 Territorial disputes Brunei claims territory in Sarawak, such as Limbang, and it is one of many nations to lay claim to the disputed Spratly Islands. Several small islands situated between Brunei and Labuan, including Kuraman island, are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognised as part of the latter. Districts and mukims Districts of Brunei Districts of Brunei Main articles: Districts of Brunei and Mukims of Brunei Brunei is divided into four districts daerah: Belait Brunei and Muara Temburong Tutong The districts are subdivided into thirty-eight mukims. Geography Main article: Geography of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam consists of two unconnected parts with a total area of 2,226 sq. miles 5,765 sq. kilometers. 97% of the population lives in the larger western part, while only about 10,000 live in the mountainous eastern part the district of Temburong. The total population of Brunei Darussalam is about 400,000 of which around 150,000 live in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. Other major towns are the port town of Muara, the oil producing town of Seria and its neighboring town, Kuala Belait. In the Belait district, the Panaga area is home to large numbers of expatriates due to Royal Dutch Shell and British Army housing and recreational facilities. The well-known Panaga Club is situated here. Down here is the Sultan Park and down there is the Jerudong city which is located on the north of Bandar Seri Begawan. Jerudong Skyline of Jerudong Nicknames: City of The Theme Park Motto: Prosperity and Quality Population - Total 89,987 94,921: 2,008 estimate - Density 1,301.5/km² 3,370.9/sq mi Climate Bandar Seri Begawah has a humid subtropical climate. The average annual temperature is 23.6 °C 74.5 °F, with a summer average of 29.4 °C 84.9 °F and a winter average of 12.0 °C 52.8 °F. Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average High °C 19 18 21 25 28 32 34 33 31 27 24 21 - Average Low °C 12 12 14 17 21 23 26 24 23 19 17 14 - Average Rainfall mm 86 135 178 170 231 290 248 305 244 122 66 71 2129 Economy Main article: Economy of Brunei This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of its GDP. Substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC forum. Stated plans for the future include upgrading the labour force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourism sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base. The national airline, Royal Brunei, is trying to make Brunei a hub for international travel between Europe and Australia/New Zealand, and also has services to major Asian destinations. Healthcare Brunei ensures that all citizens have access to free health care, provided via a group of public hospitals. The largest hospital in Brunei is Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, also known as RIPAS Hospital. There is also a private medical sector, Jerudong Park Medical Centre. As of 2008, no hospitals in Brunei were undergoing international healthcare accration. There is currently no medical school in Brunei, and Bruneians wishing to study to become doctors have to attend universities overseas. This situation may be changing.4 Also, to ensure the public's access to medical care, qualified doctors from overseas are imported into the country. A School of Nursing was founded in 19514. Transport Main article: Transport in Brunei Brunei is accessible via sea and land travel. The main highway running across Brunei is the Pan Borneo Highway, which is a joint project with Malaysia. Besides the Pan Borneo Highway, Brunei can be accessed by air through Brunei International Airport. Royal Brunei is the main airline company in Brunei. Brunei has several sea ports, mainly to export its petroleum products, as well as for import/export purposes. Ethnicity Malay 66.3%, Chinese 19.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1% 2004 est.5 Demographics Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque in Bandar Seri Begawan Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque in Bandar Seri Begawan Main article: Demographics of Brunei See also: Islam in Brunei and Buddhism in Brunei About two-thirds of the Brunei population are of Malay origin and have long dominated the nation's economy. The official languages of the nation are Malay Malay: Bahasa Melayu, although an important minority speak Chinese. English is also widely spoken and there is a relatively large expatriate community with significant numbers of British and Australian citizens. Islam is the official religion of Brunei, and the sultan is the head of the religion in the country. Other faiths practised are Buddhism mainly by the Chinese, Christianity, and primarily in isolated and very small communities, indigenous religions. Culture Main article: Culture of Brunei The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay, with heavy influences from Hinduism and Islam, but is seen as more conservative than Malaysia.6 The culture is also influenced by the demographics of the country: two-thirds of the population are Malay, and the remainder consists of Chinese, Indians and indigenous Malays Brunei also has a large number of foreign workers, including Indonesian and Filipino domestic workers, labourers from Thailand, Indonesia and the Indian subcontinent particularly India and Bangladesh, and American and British professionals working in industry and education. Prohibition of alcohol The sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned. 7 Foreigners and non-Muslims are allowed to bring in 12 cans of beer and two bottles of other alcohol e.g., wine or spirits; no distinction is made for alcohol content. This limit used to apply to every entry; in 2007, however, this was changed to one limit every 48 hours. After the introduction of prohibition in the early 1990s, all pubs and nightclubs were forced to close; however, several types of restaurants allegedly still offer illicit alcohol sometimes served in teapots.citation needed Bruneian celebrities Mariana Rahim is a female Bruneian star and also country rock singer Dale Brown's novel Armageddon is set mostly in Brunei. It details a fictional attack on the country by Islamic fundamentalists with fringe assistance from Malaysian forces, namely a stealth boat. Brunei is the birthplace of current Chicago Blackhawks left winger Craig Adams. Also the birthplace of Wu Chun, present day Bruneian Taiwanese pop-star idol, who is also gym instructor, model, and member of the band Fahrenheit Weekend splash concert season 4, the famous idol show in Brunei, the top six people are Christy Rhonda Canadian, Saleisha Romana British, Alex Carlton Australian, Chad Kilson American, Asyraf Awang Besar Bruneian, Jesse Chun Taiwanese. Zul F is an idol star and TV personality. See also List of Brunei-related topics Brooketon Commonwealth of Nations Brunei Revolt Communications in Brunei Foreign relations of Brunei Sport in Brunei Hospitals in Brunei Astronomy in Brunei Girl Guides in Brunei History of Brunei Istana Nurul Iman Sultan's Palace List of Bruneians Media of Brunei Military of Brunei Music of Brunei Scouting in Brunei North Borneo Federation Royal Brunei Airlines Transport in Brunei Universiti Brunei Darussalam Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali Water Village Brunei Jerudong Park Medical Centre Notes and references ^ CIA - The World Factbook: Brunei ^ ISA arrests In Brunei.1 Retrieved 28-07-2007. ^ http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/pfs/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=6929year=2007pf ^ a b FHA - Nursing staff education in Brunei - Article Summary ^ CIA - The World Factbook -- Brunei ^ For a discussion of religious freedom, see http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71334.htm United States Department of State. ^ Brunei Tourism Website Government appointed Bibliography Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Brunei. This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain. U.S. Department of State website 2003 L. W. W. Gudgeon, British North Borneo, Adam and Charles Black: London, 1913. External links Brunei travel guide from Wikitravel Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Brunei Government of Brunei Darussalam website Brunei entry at The World Factbook Brunei Tourism website The Daily Brunei Resources blog. Contains extra information on the country through the eyes of a Bruneian. WikiTravel entry for Brunei Brunei information on globalEDGE Others Photos of Brunei Brunei information Geographic locale v d e Countries of Asia Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · People's Republic of China · Republic of China Taiwan2 · Cyprus · Egypt3 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia4 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · North Korea · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Syria · Tajikistan · Thailand · East Timor Timor-Leste4 · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen3 For dependent and other territories, see Dependent territory. 1 Partly or significantly in Europe. 2 The Republic of China Taiwan is not officially recognized by the United Nations; see Political status of Taiwan. 3 Partly or significantly in Africa. 4 Partly or wholly reckoned in Oceania. v d e Countries and other territories in Southeast Asia Sovereign states Flag of Brunei Brunei Flag of Burma Burma Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Flag of East Timor East Timor Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Flag of Laos Laos Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Flag of the Philippines Philippines Flag of Singapore Singapore Flag of Thailand Thailand Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Dependencies Flag of Christmas Island Christmas Island Australia Flag of the Cocos Keeling Islands Cocos Keeling Islands Australia Divisions of sovereign states Flag of India Andaman and Nicobar Islands India Flag of the People's Republic of China Hainan Island PRC Disputed territories Islands in the Naf River Bangladesh, Burma · Macclesfield Bank PRC, ROC · Paracel Islands PRC, ROC, Vietnam · Pratas Islands PRC, ROC · Sabah Malaysia, Philippines · Scarborough Shoal Philippines, PRC, ROC · Spratly Islands Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines, PRC, ROC, Vietnam · Active separatist or autonomist movements Aceh · Maluku Islands · West Papua · Chinland · Sulawesi · Nagaland · Wa State · Zogam · Bangsamoro · Patani v d e Countries of the Malay Archipelago Brunei · East Timor · Indonesia · Malaysia · Philippines · Singapore · Papua New Guinea International membership v d e Association of Southeast Asian Nations Flag of Brunei Brunei Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Flag of Burma Burma Flag of the Philippines Philippines Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Flag of Singapore Singapore Flag of Thailand Thailand Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Flag of Laos Laos Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Common Time - Date of Establishment - Flag - Hymn Observers: Flag of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste v d e Member states of the East Asia Summit EAS Flag of Australia Australia Flag of Brunei Brunei Burma Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Flag of India India Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Flag of Japan Japan Flag of Laos Laos Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Flag of New Zealand New Zealand Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China Flag of the Philippines Philippines Flag of Singapore Singapore Flag of South Korea South Korea Flag of Thailand Thailand Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Potential future members Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste Flag of Russia Russia v d e The Organization of the Islamic Conference OIC Members Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Benin · Burkina Faso · Brunei · Cameroon · Chad · Comoros · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Egypt · Gabon · Gambia · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Jordan · Kuwait · Kazakhstan · Kyrgyzstan · Lebanon · Libya · Maldives · Malaysia · Mali · Mauritania · Morocco · Mozambique · Niger · Nigeria · Oman · Pakistan · Palestine · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Somalia · Sudan · Suriname · Syria · Tajikistan · Turkey · Tunisia · Togo · Turkmenistan · Uganda · Uzbekistan · United Arab Emirates · Yemen Observers Countries and territories Bosnia and Herzegovina · Central African Republic · Russia · Thailand · Northern Cyprus as Turkish Cypriot State Muslim communities Moro National Liberation Front International organizations Economic Cooperation Organization · African Union · Arab League · Non-Aligned Movement · United Nations v d e Austronesian-speaking countries and territories Formosan Taiwan Malayo-Polynesian American Samoa · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · Christmas Island · Cocos Keeling Islands · Cook Islands · Easter Island · East Timor · Fiji · French Polynesia · Guam · Hainan · Hawaii · Indonesia · Kiribati · Madagascar · Malaysia · Marshall Islands · FS Micronesia · Nauru · New Caledonia · New Zealand · Niue · Northern Mariana Islands · Orchid Island · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Patani · Philippines · Samoa · Singapore · Solomon Islands · Suriname · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu · Vietnam · Wallis and Futuna Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Brunei Categories: Southeast Asian countries | Association of Southeast Asian Nations member states | Brunei | Countries with alcohol prohibition | Island countries | Members of the Commonwealth of Nations | SultanatesHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since March 2008 | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch العربية Aragonés Armãneashce Arpetan Asturianu AzÉ™rbaycan বাংলা Bân-lâm-gú Basa Banyumasan БеларуÑ?каÑ? БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Чăвашла Cebuano ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Gaelg Gà idhlig Galego í•œêµì–´ हिनà¥?दी Hrvatski Ido Ilokano ইমার ঠার/বিষà§?ণà§?পà§?রিয়া মণিপà§?রী Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Interlingue Иронау Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Kapampangan ქáƒ?რთული Kaszëbsczi Қазақша Kernewek Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî / كوردی Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių LÃguru Limburgs Magyar МакедонÑ?ки മലയാളം MÄ?ori मराठी Bahasa Melayu Монгол NÄ?huatl Dorerin Naoero Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Novial Occitan O'zbek پښتو ភាសាáž?្មែរ Piemontèis Plattdüütsch Polski Português Qırımtatarca Ripoarisch Română Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий Sámegiella संसà¥?कृत Shqip Sicilianu Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழà¯? తెలà±?à°—à±? Tetun ไทย Tiếng Việt Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Удмурт УкраїнÑ?ька Volapük Winaray å?´è¯ Zazaki Zeêuws ŽemaitÄ—Å¡ka ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 15 August 2008, at 14:01
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