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20-September-2008 09:29:04 - Bencao Gangmu Redirected from Compendium of Materia Medica Jump to: navigation, search The Compendium of Materia Medica is a pharmaceutical text written by Li Shizhen 1518-1593 AD during the Ming Dynasty of China. This ion was published in 1593. The Compendium of Materia Medica is a pharmaceutical text written by Li Shizhen 1518-1593 AD during the Ming Dynasty of China. This ion was published in 1593. Bencao Gangmu traditional Chinese: 本è?‰ç¶±ç›®; simplified Chinese: 本è?‰çº²ç›®; pinyin: BÄ›ncÇŽo GÄ?ngmù; Wade-Giles: Pen-ts'ao Kang-mu, also known as Compendium of Materia Medica, is Chinese materia medica work written by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty. It is a work epitomizing materia medica 本è?‰ in Ming Dynasty. The Bencao Gangmu is regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical book ever written in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. It lists all the plants, animals, minerals, and other objects that were believed to have medicinal properties. Contents 1 Title 2 History 3 Contents 4 Value 5 Controversy 6 References 7 See also 8 External links Title The Bencao Gangmu title, which Unschuld 1986:145 translates as Materia Medica, Arranged according to Drug Descriptions and Technical Aspects, uses two Chinese compounds. Bencao roots and herbs; based on herbs, pharmacopeia, materia medica combines ben 本 root; origin; basis and cao è?‰ grass; plant; herb. Gangmu detailed outline; table of contents combines gang 綱 main rope, hawser; main threads, essential principles and mu ç›® eye; look; category, division. History Li Shizhen completed the first draft of the text in 1578, after conducting readings of 800 other medical reference books and carrying out 30 years of field study. For this and many other achievements Li Shizhen is being compared to the Shennong, a mythological God in Chinese myth who taught them about agriculture and herbal medicine. Contents The Compendium of Materia Medica has 53 volumes in total: 1. At the very beginning is the table of contents, containing a list of entries included and 1,160 hand drawn diagrams to serve as illustration. 2. Volume 1 to 4 - an 'index' åº?例 and a comprehensive list of herbs that would treat the most common sickness 百病主治藥. 3. Volume 5 to 53 - the main content of the text, containing 1,892 distinct herbs, of which 374 was added by Li himself. There are some 11,096 side prescriptions to treat common illness 8,160 of which is compiled or collected by Li. The text is written in almost 2 million Chinese characters, classified into 16 divisions and 60 orders. For every herb there are entries on names, detailed description of appearance and odor, nature, medical function, effects and side recipes etc. Value With the publication of the Compendium of Materia Medica, not only did it improve the classification of how traditional medicine was compiled and formatted, but it was also a great medium in improving the credibility and scientific values of biology classification of both plants and animals. The compendium corrected many mistakes and false understandings of the nature of herbs and illness. Li also included many new herbs, added his own discovery in certain drugs, their effectiveness and function, as well as more detailed description according to experiments. It also has notes and records on general medical data and medical history. Compendium of Materia Medica is also more than a pharmaceutical text, for it contains information so vast that it covered topics in biology, chemistry, geography, mineralogy, geology, history, and even mining and astronomy, which would seem to have little to do with herbal medicine. It has been translated into more than 20 languages and spread all over the world. Even now it is still in print and used as a reference book. Controversy Compendium of Materia Medica also contains information that have since been proven to be false due to scientific and technical limitations at the time. For example, it claimed that lead is not toxic. References Luo Xiwen, tr. Bencao Gangmu: Compendium of Materia Medica. 6 vols. Foreign Languages Press. 2003. ISBN 7-119-03260-7. Review, Edward B. Jelks Unschuld, Paul U. Medicine in China: A History of Pharmaceutics. University of California Press. 1986. ISBN 0-520-05025-8 See also Pharmacognosy Chinese herbology Yaoxing Lun Traditional Chinese medicine Li Shizhen Mellified Man External links Bencao gangmu 本è?‰ç¶±ç›®, ChinaKnowledge article Bencao Gangmu Materia Medica, ChinaPage article Li Shizhen: Icon of Chinese medicine, Association for Asian Research article Pen ts'ao kang mu The Great Herbal, page from 1672 ion, National Library of Medicine Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bencao_Gangmu Categories: Chinese encyclopedias | History of ancient medicine | Medical manuals | Pharmacology | Traditional Chinese medicine Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch 文言 í•œêµì–´ 日本語 ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 15 June 2008, at 13:39
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