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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
20-September-2008 09:29:08 - Endosperm Endosperm is the albumin tissue produced in the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. This makes endosperm an important source of nutrition in human diet. For example, wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread the rest of the grain is included as well in whole wheat flour, while barley endosperm is the main source for beer production. Other examples for edible endosperm are coconut meat, popcorn and banana. The parts of an avocado seed, including endosperm. The parts of an avocado seed, including endosperm. Contents 1 Origin of endosperm 1.1 Double fertilization 1.2 Endosperm formation 2 The role of endosperm in seed development 3 Cereal grains 4 References Origin of endosperm Double fertilization Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of an embryo sac or female gametophyte. One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the two female polar nuclei at the center of the embryo sac, creating endosperm double fertilization. Thus endosperm cells are usually triploid containing three sets of chromosomes but can vary widely from diploid 2n to 15n. 1 Endosperm formation There are two different types of endosperm formation, the nuclear or liquid endosperm type, where formation of cell wall is delayed for a number of cell divisions, and the cellular, where cell wall formation is initiated instantly. The nuclear type is the most common one in angiosperms. Sweet corn is picked for eating at the tender liquid endosperm stage, before cell walls have formed and the sugars have been converted to starch. The 'milk' of the coconut is a liquid endosperm. The role of endosperm in seed development In some species e.g. grains the endosperm persists to the mature seed stage as a storage tissue, and in others it is absorbed during embryo development e.g. common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris and the function of storage tissue is performed by enlarged seed leaves cotyledons. In certain species e.g. corn, Zea mays the storage function is distributed between both endosperm and the embryo. Some mature endosperm tissues store fats e.g. castor bean, Ricinis communis and others including grains, such as wheat and corn store mainly starches. The dust-like seeds of orchids have no endosperm. Orchid seedlings are mycoheterotrophic in their early development. In some other species, such as coffee, the endosperm also does not develop.2 Instead the nucellus produces a nutritive tissue termed perisperm. Cereal grains Cereal crops are grown for their palatable fruit grains or caryopsis, which are primarily endosperm. In the caryopsis, the thin fruit wall is fused to the seed coat. Therefore, the nutritious part of the grain is the seed and its endosperm. In some cases e.g. wheat, rice the endosperm is selectively retained in food processing as in white flour, and the embryo and seed coat removed. Endosperm thus has an important role within the human diet, worldwide. The aleurone is a maternal tissue that is retained as part of the seed in many small grains. The aleurone functions for both storage and digestion. During germination it secretes the amylase enzyme that breaks down endosperm starch into sugars to nourish the growing seedling.1 References ^ Endosperm Development. URL accessed on April 29, 2006. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Endosperm Categories: Plant morphology | Plant physiology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Česky Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português This page was last modified on 8 July 2008, at 00:25
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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