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20-September-2008 09:29:09 - Human artificial chromosome A human artificial chromosome HAC is a microchromosome that can act as a new chromosome in a population of human cells. That is, instead of 46 chromosomes, the cell could have 47 with the 47th being very small, roughly 6-10 megabases in size, and able to carry new genes introduced by human researchers. Yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes were invented before human artificial chromosomes, which first appeared in 1997. They are useful in expression studies as gene transfer vectors and are a tool for elucidating human chromosome function. Grown in HT1080 cells, they are mitotically and cytogenetically stable for up to six months. History John J. Harrington, Gil Van Bokkelen, Robert W. Mays, Karen Gustashaw Huntington F. Willard of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine published the first report of them in 1997. They were first synthesized by combining portions of alpha satellite DNA with telomeric DNA and genomic DNA into linear microchromosomes. See also bacterial artificial chromosome yeast artificial chromosome plasmid cosmid References Formation of de novo centromeres and construction of first-generation human artificial microchromosomes in Nature Genetics 15, 345 - 355 1997 Harrington and Bokkelen et al. v d e Types of nucleic acids Constituents Nucleobases | Nucleosides | Nucleotides | Deoxynucleotides Ribonucleic acids RNA | mRNA pre-mRNA/hnRNA | tRNA | rRNA | aRNA | gRNA | miRNA | ncRNA | piRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | snoRNA | stRNA | ta-siRNA | tmRNA Deoxyribonucleic acids DNA | cDNA | gDNA | msDNA | mtDNA Nucleic acid analogues GNA | LNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino Cloning vectors phagemid | plasmid | lambda phage | cosmid | P1 phage | fosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC Major families of biochemicals Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles This genetics article is a stub. This biotechnology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Human_artificial_chromosome Categories: Molecular biology | Genetics stubs | Biotechnology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Polski 中文 This page was last modified on 7 April 2008, at 21
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