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20-September-2008 09:29:05 - Jujube For the chewy candy, see Jujube confectionery. Ziziphus zizyphus Ziziphus zizyphus Ziziphus zizyphus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rhamnaceae Genus: Ziziphus Species: Z. zizyphus Binomial name Ziziphus zizyphus L. H.Karst. The Ziziphus jujuba which written in Monbusho chant lyrics.It is located in General Nogi's mansion now. The Ziziphus jujuba which written in Monbusho chant lyrics. It is located in General Nogi's mansion now. Ziziphus zizyphus from Greek ζίζυφον - zizuphon1, syn. Z. jujuba, Rhamnus zizyphus, commonly called Jujube, Red Date 紅棗, or Chinese Date, is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae, used primarily for its fruits. Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation, but is thought to be in southern Asia, between Syria, northern India, and southern and central China, and possibly also southeastern Europe though more likely introduced there.2 It is a small deciduous tree or shrub reaching a height of 5-10 m, usually with thorny branches. The leaves are shiny-green, ovate-acute, 2-7 cm long and 1-3 cm broad, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. The flowers are small, 5 mm diameter, with five inconspicuous yellowish-green petals. The fruit is an edible oval drupe 1.5-3 cm long; when immature it is smooth-green, with the consistency and taste of an apple, maturing dark red to purplish-black and eventually wrinkled, looking like a small date. There is a single hard stone similar to an olive stone.2 Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Cultivation and uses 2.1 Medicinal use 2.2 Culinary use 2.3 Other uses 2.4 Pests and diseases 3 Names in other languages 4 References Nomenclature The species has a curious nomenclatural history, due to a combination of botanical naming regulations, and variations in spelling. It was first described scientifically by Carolus Linnaeus as Rhamnus zizyphus, in Species Plantarum in 1753. Later, in 1768, Philip Miller concluded it was sufficiently distinct from Rhamnus to merit separation into a new genus, in which he named it Ziziphus jujube, using Linnaeus' species name for the genus but with a probably accidental single letter spelling difference, 'i' for 'y'; for the species name he used a different name, as tautonyms repetition of exactly the same name in the genus and species are not permitted in botanical naming. However, because of Miller's slightly different spelling, the combination correctly using the earliest species name from Linnaeus with the new genus, Ziziphus zizyphus, is not a tautonym, and therefore permitted as a botanical name; this combination was made by Hermann Karsten in 1882.32 Cultivation and uses The Jujube has been cultivated for over 4,000 years for its edible fruit, and over 400 cultivars have been selected. The tree tolerates a wide range of temperatures and rainfall, though it requires hot summers and sufficient water for acceptable fruiting. Unlike most of the other species in the genus, it tolerates fairly cold winters, surviving temperatures down to about -15°C. This enables the jujube to grow in desert habitats, provided there is access to underground water through the summer. Virtually no temperature seems to be too high in summertime. Medicinal use The fruits are used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine, where they are believed to alleviate stress.citation needed The jujube-based Australian drink 1-bil avoids making specific stress-related claims, but does suggest drinking 1-bil when you feel yourself becoming distressed.4 Ziziphin, a compound in the leaves of the jujube, suppresses the ability to perceive sweet taste in humans.5 The fruit, being mucilaginous, is also very soothing to the throat and decoctions of jujube have often been used in pharmacy to treat sore throats. jujube fruit jujube fruit Culinary use Dried red jujube fruits Dried red jujube fruits The freshly harvested as well as the candied dried fruits are often eaten as a snack, or with tea. They are available either red or black called hóng zÇŽo or hÄ“i zÇŽo, respectively, in Chinese, the latter being smoked to enhance their flavour 2. In mainland China, Korea, and Taiwan, a sweetened tea syrup containing jujube fruits is available in glass jars,photo and canned jujube tea or jujube tea in the form of teabags is also available. Although not widely available, jujube juice3 and jujube vinegarphoto called 枣醋 or 红枣醋 in Chinese are also produced. In China, a wine made from jujubes called hong zao jiu 红枣酒 is also produced.4 Jujubes are sometimes preserved by storing in a jar filled with baijiu Chinese liquor, which allows them to be kept fresh for a long time, especially through the winter. Such jujubes are called jiu zao 酒枣; literally spirited jujube. In addition, jujubes, often stoned, are a significant ingredient in a wide variety of Chinese delicacies. In Persian cuisine, the dried drupes are known as annab. Other uses The jujube's sweet smell is said to make teenagers fall in love, and as a result, in the Himalaya and Karakoram regions, men take a stem of sweet smelling jujube flowers with them or put it on their hats to attract the opposite gender.citation needed In traditional Chinese wedding ceremony, jujube and walnut were often placed in the newlyweds' bedroom as a sign of fertility. In Japan, the natsume has given its name to a style of tea caddy used in the Japanese tea ceremony. In Korea, the wood is used to make the body of the taepyeongso, a double-reed wind instrument. Pests and diseases Witch's brooms, prevalent in China and Korea, is the main disease affecting jujubes, though plantings in North America currently are not affected by any pests or diseases.6 Names in other languages Arabic - ennab عنّاب or sedr سدر Assamese: - bogori Kannada: - bari hannu Bangla: - boroi Chinese - zÇŽo simplified: 枣; traditional: 棗; Wade-Giles: tsao; also hóng zÇŽo 红枣, dà zÇŽo 大枣, hÄ“i zÇŽo 黑枣, or zÇŽozi 枣å? Gujarati: bor બોર Hindi: ber Japanese: natsume 棗 Korean: daechu 대추 Marathi: bor बोर Persian - annab عَنّاب Sindhi - beir Tagalog - manzanitas Thai Language - Bhud-Saar พุทรา Turkish - hünnap Tamil - elanthai Telugu - regu pandlu-రేగà±?పండà±? Urdu - ennab عنّاب Vietnamese - táo tà u References Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ziziphus zizyphus ^ Zizuphon,Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus ^ a b c Rushforth, K. 1999. Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9. ^ Clarke, D. L. 1988. W. J. Bean Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles, Supplement. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-4443-2. ^ 1 Information on 1-bil from the company's website. ^ Kurihara, Y. 1992. Characteristics of antisweet substances, sweet proteins, and sweetness-inducing proteins. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 32:231-252. ^ Fruit Facts: Jujube Fruits in Warm Climates. J. F. Morton, Miami, FL: 1987. Nutritional data for the jujube On the Medicinal uses of Jujube and its cultivation in Iran Photos of jujubes growing on trees Photo of a bottle of Taiwanese jujube wine Photo of a jar of Korean jujube tea Photo of a package of Korean jujube tea Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Jujube Categories: Ziziphus | Fruit | Medicinal plants | Plants used in Traditional Chinese medicine | Chinese ingredients | Iranian cuisine | Dietary supplements | Greek loanwordsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since October 2007 | Articles with statements since September 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Català Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Español Ù?ارسی Français Hrvatski Italiano मराठी Nederlands 日本語 Português Svenska Tiếng Việt Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ РуÑ?Ñ?кий This page was last modified on 11 August 2008, at 00:1
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