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20-September-2008 09:29:06 - Macula Redirected from Macula lutea This article is about the macula of the human eye. For other uses of the term macula, see: Macula disambiguation Macula Human eye cross-sectional view. Latin macula lutea Gray's subject #225 1015 MeSH Macula+Lutea Dorlands/Elsevier m_01/12509252 The macula or macula lutea from Latin macula, spot + lutea, yellow is an oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye. It has a diameter of around 5 mm and is often histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells. Near its center is the fovea, a small pit that contains the largest concentration of cone cells in the eye and is responsible for central vision. It is specialized for high acuity vision. Within the macula are the fovea and foveola which contain a high density of cones photoreceptors with high acuity. In contrast to the rest of the retina, which is supplied by the retinal artery, the macula receives its blood supply from the choroid. Clinical significance Whereas loss of peripheral vision may go unnoticed for some time, damage to the macula will result in loss of central vision, which is usually immediately obvious. The progressive destruction of the macula is a disease known as macular degeneration and leads to the creation of a macular hole. Macular holes are rarely caused by trauma, but if a severe blow is delivered perfectly it can burst the blood vessels going to the macula, destroying it. Visual input to the macula occupies a substantial portion of the brain's visual capacity. As a result, some forms of visual field loss can occur without involving the macula; this is termed macular sparing. For example, visual field testing might demonstrate homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing. This finding can be very informative for the ophthalmologist. See also Cystoid macular edema Intermediate uveitis Additional images The interior of the posterior half of the left eyeball. v d e Sensory system - Visual system - Eye Fibrous tunic outer Conjunctiva Sclera Schlemm's canal Trabecular meshwork Limbus Cornea Epithelium, Bowman's, Stroma, Descemet's, Endothelium Uvea middle Choroid Ciliary processes, Choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane Iris Stroma Pupil Ciliary body Retina inner Macula Fovea Optic disc Tapetum lucidum Anterior segment Anterior chamber Aqueous humour Posterior chamber Lens Posterior segment Vitreous humour Zonule of Zinn Intraocular muscles parasympathetic Ciliary muscle, Iris sphincter muscle sympathetic Iris dilator muscle Other Tenon's capsule v d e Sensory system - Visual system and eye movement Vision Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Lateral geniculate nucleus → Optic radiation → Visual cortex Cuneus, Lingual gyrus → Blobs Tracking → PPRF Smooth pursuit: Parietal lobe - Occipital lobe Saccade: Frontal eye fields Physiologic nystagmus → Fixation reflex Horizontal gaze Abducens nucleus → PPRF → MLF → Oculomotor nucleus → Medial rectus muscle Vertical gaze Rostral interstitial nucleus → Oculomotor nucleus, Trochlear nucleus → Muscles of orbit Pupillary dilation Ciliospinal center → Superior cervical ganglion → Long ciliary nerves → Iris dilator muscle Pupillary light reflex constriction Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Pretectum → Edinger-Westphal nucleus → Oculomotor nerve → Ciliary ganglion → Short ciliary nerves → Iris sphincter muscle Accommodation Retina → Optic nerve → Optic chiasm → Optic tract → Visual cortex → Brodmann area 19 → Pretectum → Edinger-Westphal nucleus → Short ciliary nerves → Ciliary ganglion → Ciliary muscle Vestibulo-ocular reflex Semicircular canal → Vestibulocochlear nerve → Vestibular nuclei → Medial rectus muscle Circadian rhythm Retina → Hypothalamus Suprachiasmatic nucleus This eye article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Macula Categories: Eye stubs | Eye Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages বাংলা Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Français Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Svenska Türkçe This page was last modified on 20 April 2008, at 22:52
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