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20-September-2008 09:29:07 - Royal jelly Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of the larvae. It is secreted from the hypopharyngeal glands in the heads of young workers and used among other substances to feed all of the larvae in the colony, including those destined to become workers. If a queen is needed, a larva is chosen and will receive only royal jelly - and in large quantities - as its food source for the first four days of its growth, and this rapid, early feeding triggers the development of queen morphology, including the fully developed ovaries needed to lay eggs. Some commercial royal jelly suppliers disseminate misinformation such as Only queen larvae and adult queens are fed royal jelly. All larvae in a colony are fed royal jelly, and adult bees do not consume it at all.1 Contents 1 Cultivation 2 Composition 3 Uses Side Effects 4 Sources 5 References Cultivation Royal jelly is produced by stimulating colonies with movable frame hives to produce queen bees. Royal jelly is collected from each individual queen cell when the queen larvae are about four days old. It is collected from queen cells because these are the only cells in which large amounts are deposited; when royal jelly is fed to worker larvae, it is fed directly to them, and they consume it as it is produced, while the cells of queen larvae are stocked with royal jelly much faster than the larvae can consume it. Therefore, only in queen cells is the harvest of royal jelly practical. A well-managed hive during a season of 5-6 months can produce approximately 500 g of royal jelly. Since the product is perishable, producers must have immediate access to proper cold storage e.g., a household refrigerator or freezer in which the royal jelly is stored until it is sold or conveyed to a collection centre. Sometimes honey or beeswax are added to the royal jelly, supposedly to aid in preservation. Composition People collect and sell royal jelly as a dietary supplement, claiming various health benefits because of components like B-complex vitamins such as pantothenic acid vitamin B5 and vitamin B6 pyridoxine. It can also be found in various beauty products. The overall composition of royal jelly is 67% water, 12.5% crude protein including small amounts of many different amino acids, and 11% simple sugars, also including a relatively high amount 5% of fatty acids. It also contains many trace minerals, some enzymes, antibacterial and antibiotic components, and trace amounts of vitamin C.1 Contrary to claims by many of those promoting its use, vitamins A, D, and E are completely absent from royal jelly.2 Uses Side Effects It is widely recognized that royal jelly may cause allergies in humans ranging from hives, asthma, to even fatal anaphylaxis345678 The incidence of allergic side effect in people that consume royal jelly is unknown, however it has been suggested that the risk of having an allergy to royal jelly is higher if the people have some known previous allergies9. Royal jelly has been reported as a possible immunomodulatory agent in Graves' disease.10 It has also been reported to stimulate the growth of glial cells11 and neural stem cells in the brain,12 Independent research has already disproved, or is needed to confirm or disprove, several other purported health claims, such as reports of hormonal activity unknown in the bees themselves, the most abundant sterol is cholesterol, which is not itself a hormone. To date, there is only preliminary evidence that it may have some cholesterol-lowering effects, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and antibiotic effects, though the last three of these effects are unlikely to be realized if ingested destruction of the substances involved through digestion, or neutralization via changes in pH.13 There are also some preliminary experiments on cells and lab animals in which royal jelly may have some benefit regarding certain other diseases, although there is no solid evidence for those claims, and further experimentation and validations is urgently needed. Sources Balch, Phyllis A.; Balch, James F. 2000. Prescription for Nutritional Healing, Third ion. New York: Avery. ISBN 1-58333-077-1. Ammon, R. and Zoch, E. 1957 Zur Biochemie des Futtersaftes der Bienenkoenigin. Arzneimittel Forschung 7: 699-702 Blum, M.S., Novak A.F. and Taber III, 5. 1959. 10-Hydroxy-decenoic acid, an antibiotic found in royal jelly. Science journal, 130 : 452-453 Bonomi, A. 1983 Acquisizioni in tema di composizione chimica e di attivita' biologica della pappa reale. Apitalia, 10 15: 7-13. Braines, L.N. 1959. Royal jelly I. Inform. Bull. Inst. Pchelovodstva, 31 pp with various articles Braines, L.N. 1960. Royal jelly II. Inform. Bull. Inst. Pchelovodstva, 40 pp. Braines, L.N. 1962. Royal jelly III. Inform. Bull. Inst. Pchelovodstva, 40 Chauvin, R. and Louveaux, 1. 1956 Etdue macroscopique et microscopique de lagelee royale. L'apiculteur. Cho, Y.T. 1977. Studies on royal jelly and abnormal cholesterol and triglycerides. Amer. Bee 1., 117 : 36-38 De Belfever, B. 1958 La gelee royale des abeilles. Maloine, Paris. Destrem, H. 1956 Experimentation de la gelee royale d'abeille en pratique geriatrique 134 cas. Rev. Franc. Geront, 3. Giordani, G. 1961. Effect of royal jelly on chickens. Avicoltura 30 6: 114-120 Hattori N, Nomoto H, Fukumitsu H, Mishima S, Furukawa S. Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Biomed Res. 2007 Oct;285:261-6. Hashimoto M, Kanda M, Ikeno K, Hayashi Y, Nakamura T, Ogawa Y, Fukumitsu H, Nomoto H, Furukawa S. 2005 Oral administration of royal jelly facilitates mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament H in the hippocampus of the adult mouse brain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Apr;694:800-5. Inoue, T. 1986. The use and utilization of royal jelly and the evaluation of the medical efficacy of royal jelly in Japan. Proceeding sof the XXXth International Congress of Apiculture, Nagoya, 1985, Apimondia, 444-447 Jean, E. 1956. A process of royal jelly absorption for its incorporation into assimilable substances. Fr. Pat., 1,118,123 Jacoli, G. 1956 Ricerche sperimentali su alcune proprieta' biologiche della gelatina reale. Apicoltore d'Italia, 23 9-10: 211-214. Karaali, A., Meydanoglu, F. and Eke, D. 1988 Studies on composition, freeze drying and storage of Turkish royal jelly. J. Apic. Res., 27 3: 182-185. Lercker, G., Capella, P., Conte, L.S., Ruini, F. and Giordani, G. 1982 Components of royal jelly: II. The lipid fraction, hydrocarbons and sterolds. J. Apic. Res. 213:178-184. Lercker, G., Vecchi, M.A., Sabatini, A.G. and Nanetti, A. 1984. Controllo chimicoanalitico della gelatina reale. Riv. Merceol. 23 1: 83-94. Lercker, G., Savioli, S., Vecchi, M.A., Sabatini, A.G., Nanetti, A. and Piana, L. 1986 Carbohydrate Determination of Royal Jelly by High Resolution Gas Chromatography HRGC. Food Chemistry, 19: 255-264. Lercker, G., Caboni, M.F., Vecchi, M.A., Sabatini, A.G. and Nanetti, A. 1992 Caratterizzazione dei principali costituenti della gelatina reale. Apicoltura 8:11-21. Nakamura, T. 1986 Quality standards of royal jelly for medical use. proceedings of the XXXth International Congress of Apiculture, Nagoya, 1985 Apimondia 1986 462-464. Rembold, H. 1965 Biological active sustance in royal jelly. Vitamins and hormones 23:359-382. Salama, A., Mogawer, H.H. and El-Tohamy, M. 1977 Royal jelly a revelation or a fable. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science 14 2: 95-102. Takenaka, T. Nitrogen components and carboxylic acids of royal jelly. In Chemistry and biology of social insects ed by Eder, J., Rembold, H.. Munich, German Federal Republic, Verlag J. Papemy 1987: 162-163. Wagner, H., Dobler, I., Thiem, I. Effect of royal jelly on the peirpheral blood and survival rate of mice after irradiation of the entire body with X-rays. Radiobiologia Radiotherapia 1970 113: 323-328. References ^ a b Graham, J. ed. 1992 The Hive and the Honey Bee Revised ion. Dadant Sons. ^ Value-added products from beekeeping. Chapter 6.. ^ Leung R, Ho A, Chan J, Choy D, Lai CK. Royal jelly consumption and hypersensitivity in the community. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Mar;273:333-6. PMID: 9088660. ^ Takahama H, Shimazu T. Food-induced anaphylaxis caused by ingestion of royal jelly. J Dermatol. 2006 Jun;336:424-6. ^ Lombardi C, Senna GE, Gatti B, Feligioni M, Riva G, Bonadonna P, Dama AR, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G. Allergic reactions to honey and royal jelly and their relationship with sensitization to compositae. Allergol Immunopathol Madr. 1998 Nov-Dec;266:288-90. ^ Thien FC, Leung R, Baldo BA, Weiner JA, Plomley R, Czarny D. Asthma and anaphylaxis induced by royal jelly. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996 Feb;262:216-22. ^ Leung R, Thien FC, Baldo B, Czarny D. Royal jelly-induced asthma and anaphylaxis: clinical characteristics and immunologic correlations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995 Dec;966 Pt 1:1004-7. ^ Bullock RJ, Rohan A, Straatmans JA. Fatal royal jelly-induced asthma. Med J Aust. 1994 Jan 3;1601:44. ^ Leung R, Ho A, Chan J, Choy D, Lai CK. Royal jelly consumption and hypersensitivity in the community. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Mar;273:333-6. PMID: 9088660. ^ Erem C, Deger O, Ovali E, Barlak Y. The effects of royal jelly on autoimmunity in Graves' disease. Endocrine. 2006 Oct;302:175-83. ^ Hashimoto M, Kanda M, Ikeno K, Hayashi Y, Nakamura T, Ogawa Y, Fukumitsu H, Nomoto H, Furukawa S. 2005 Oral administration of royal jelly facilitates mRNA expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament H in the hippocampus of the adult mouse brain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Apr;694:800-5. ^ Hattori N, Nomoto H, Fukumitsu H, Mishima S, Furukawa S. Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Biomed Res. 2007 Oct;285:261-6. ^ PDR Health, Royal Jelly. available online v d e Dietary supplements Types Amino acids Bodybuilding supplement Energy drink Energy bar Fatty acids Herbal Supplements Minerals Prebiotics Probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Vitamins Whole food supplements Vitamins and minerals Retinol Vitamin A B vitamins: Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Pantothenic acid B5 Pyridoxine B6 Biotin B7 Folic acid B9 Cyanocobalamin B12 Ascorbic acid Vitamin C Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol Vitamin D Tocopherol Vitamin E Naphthoquinone Vitamin K Calcium Choline Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Other common ingredients Carnitine Chondroitin sulfate Cod liver oil Copper gluconate Creatine/Creatine supplements Dietary fiber Elemental calcium Ephedra Fish oil Folic acid Ginseng Glucosamine Glutamine Iron supplements Japanese Honeysuckle Krill oil Lingzhi Linseed oil Melatonin Red yeast rice Royal jelly Saw palmetto Spirulina Taurine Wheatgrass Wolfberry Yohimbine Zinc gluconate Related articles Codex Alimentarius Enzyte Metabolife Hadacol Nutraceutical Multivitamin Nutrition Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Royal_jelly Categories: Bee products | Entomology | Dietary supplements | Beekeeping Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Español Français Galego í•œêµì–´ Italiano עברית Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька This page was last modified on 3 August 2008, at 06:15
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