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20-September-2008 09:29:08 - Wheatgrass For other uses, see Wheatgrass disambiguation. Indoor grown wheatgrass grows from 8-14 days before it is harvested. Indoor grown wheatgrass grows from 8-14 days before it is harvested. Wheatgrass refers to the young grass of the common wheat plant, Triticum aestivum, that is freshly juiced or dried into powder for animal and human consumption. Both provide chlorophyll, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes. Claims about wheatgrass' health benefits range from providing supplemental nutrition to having unique curative properties. Some consumers grow and juice wheatgrass in their homes. It is often available in juice bars, alone or in mixed fruit and/or vegetable drinks. It is also available in many health food stores as fresh produce, tablets, frozen juice and powder. Contents 1 History 2 Cultivation 3 Usage 4 Health claims 4.1 Wheatgrass Beverage 4.2 Wheatgrass Juice vs. Common Vegetables 4.3 Detoxification 4.4 Chlorophyll 5 References 6 External links History The consumption of wheatgrass in the Western world began in the 1930s as a result of experiments by Charles F. Schnabel and his attempts to popularize the plant.1 Schnabel, an agricultural chemist, conducted his first experiments with young grasses in 1930, when he used fresh cut grass in an attempt to nurse dying hens back to health. The hens not only recovered, but they produced eggs at a higher rate than healthy hens. Encouraged by his results, he began drying and powdering grass for his family and neighbors to supplement their diets. The following year, Schnabel reproduced his experiment and achieved the same results. Hens consuming rations supplemented with grass doubled their egg production. Schnabel started promoting his discovery to feed mills, chemist and the food industry. Two large corporations, Quaker Oats and American Diaries Inc., invested millions of dollars in further research, development and production of products for animals and humans. By 1940, cans of Schnabel's powdered grass were on sale in major drug stores throughout the United States and Canada.2 Extracting wheatgrass juice with a manual juicing machine. Extracting wheatgrass juice with a manual juicing machine. Cultivation Outdoor grown wheat grass grows slowly through the winter in a climate like that of Kansas in the United States. Outdoor grown wheat grass grows slowly through the winter in a climate like that of Kansas in the United States. Schnabel's research was conducted with wheatgrass grown outdoors in Kansas. His wheatgrass required 200 days of slow growth, through the winter and early spring, when it was harvested at the jointing or reproductive stage. It was at this stage that the plant reached its peak nutritional potential; after jointing, concentrations of chlorophyll, protein, and vitamin decline sharply. 1 Harvested grass was dehydrated and made into powders and tablets for human and animal consumption. Wheatgrass grown indoors in trays for ten days contains similar nutritional content. Wheatgrass grown outdoors is harvested, dehydrated at a low temperature and sold in tablet and powdered forms. Wheat grass juice powder fresh squeezed with the water removed is also available either spray-dried or freeze-dried. Usage The average dosage taken by consumers of wheatgrass is 3.5 grams powder or tablets. Some also have a fresh-squeezed 30 ml shot once daily or for more therapeutic benefits a higher dose up to 2-4 oz taken 1-3 times per day on an empty stomach and before meals. For detoxification, some users may increase their intake to 3-4 times per day. It should be noted that consumers with a poor diet may experience nausea on high dosages of wheatgrass. Outdoor wheatgrass is harvested for a few days each year from plants grown in the bread basket regions of the US and Canada. Winter wheat requires more than 200 days of slow growth in cold temperatures to reach the peak nutritional content. Even after that length of time, the plant is only 7 to 10 inches high. Health claims Table 1. Nutrient comparison of 1 oz 28.35 gdubious - discuss of wheatgrass juice, broccoli and spinach. Nutrient Wheatgrass Juice Broccoli Spinach Protein 860 mg 800 mg 810 mg Beta carotene 120 IU 177 IU 2658 IU Vitamin E 880 mcg 220 mcg 580 mcg Vitamin C 1 mg 25.3 mg 8 mg Vitamin B12 0.30 mcg 0 mcg 0 mcg Phosphorus 21 mg 19 mg 14 mg Magnesium 8 mg 6 mg 22 mg Calcium 7.2 mg 13 mg 28 mg Iron 0.66 mg 0.21 mg 0.77 mg Potassium 42 mg 90 mg 158 mg Data on broccoli and spinach from USDA database.3 Data on Wheatgrass juice from indoor grown wheatgrass.2 Proponents of wheatgrass claim regular ingestion of the plant can improve the digestive system prevent cancer, diabetes and heart disease cure constipation detoxify heavy metals from the bloodstream help make menopause more manageable promote general well-being. While none of these claims have been substantiated in the scientific literature,1 there is limited evidence in support of some of these claims. 456 Wheatgrass Beverage Reborn Beverages has launched the first wheatgrass beverage that uses fresh wheatgrass along with its root and combines it with honey to ease the normally pungent taste of wheatgrass. Its available in Stater Brothers stores, Jon's Marketplace, and other specialty retailers.7 Wheatgrass Juice vs. Common Vegetables One of the most popular claims about wheatgrass, and one that is frequently made by both supporters and retailers, is that 1 ounce of wheatgrass juice is as nutritionally valuable as 1 kg 2.2 lb of green vegetables, a ratio of 1:35. The available vitamin and mineral data of wheatgrass juice, broccoli and spinach does not support this claim see table 1. In fact, the vitamin and mineral content of 1 ounce of wheatgrass juice is roughly equivalent to the vitamin and mineral content of 1 ounce of fresh vegetables. This conclusion does not include phyto-nutrient comparisons of these foods.original research? Another commonly repeated claim, originally made by Schnabel in the 1940's, is that fifteen pounds of wheatgrass is equal in overall nutritional value to 350 pounds of ordinary garden vegetables,2 a ratio of 1:23. Schnabel statement doesn't specify the form of wheatgrass, however, Schnabel used dried wheatgrass for his own consumption, in his research and later in his nutritional supplements;2 One area in which wheatgrass is thought to be superior to other vegetables is in its content of Vitamin B12, a vital nutrient. B12, it turns out, is not a vitamin contained within wheatgrass or any plant but rather a byproduct of the microorganisms living on the plant. 8 Therefore, there are no reliable plant sources of Vitamin B12. Detoxification Another common claim for wheatgrass is that it promotes detoxification. The limited data in support of that claim applies to most green vegetables. 9 Chlorophyll As the chlorophyll molecule is structurally similar to hemoglobin, it has been argued that wheatgrass helps blood flow, digestion and general detoxification of the body. These claims have not been substantiated. Some research however exists that relates diets high in chlorophyll, present in higher concentrations in green leafy vegetables, with lower rates of colon cancer. 5 References ^ a b Murphy, Sean 2002-10-13. Wheatgrass, healthy for the body and the bank account, ABC Landline. Retrieved on 2006-10-06. ^ a b c Meyerowitz, Steve April 1999. Nutrition in Grass, Wheatgrass Nature's Finest Medicine: The Complete Guide to Using Grass Foods Juices to Revitalize Your Health, 6th ion, Book Publishing Company, 53. ISBN 1878736973. ^ USDA Nutrient Database. Retrieved on 2007-11-06. ^ Ben-Arye, E Goldin, E 2002 Apr, Wheat grass juice in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Scand J Gastroenterol Norway Volume 37Issue 4: Pages 444-9, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmedCmd=ShowDetailViewTermToSearch=11989836ordinalpos=2itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum ^ a b de Vogel, Johan; Denise S. M. L. Jonker-Termont, Martijn B. Katan,and Roelof van der Meer August 2005. Natural Chlorophyll but Not Chlorophyllin Prevents Heme-Induced Cytotoxic and Hyperproliferative Effects in Rat Colon. J. Nutr. 135: 1995-2000. The American Society for Nutritional Sciences. PMID 16046728. ^ Ferruzzia, Mario G. Blakesleeb, Joshua January 2007, Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives, Nutrition Research Volume 27Issue 1: Pages 1-12, doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2006.12.003, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6TB1-4MY8BNY-1_user=10_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2007_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=dview=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=484af3aa699168edc7456f5ec4aed6b6 ^ See http://www.honeywheatgrass.com ^ Melina, Vesanto, MS, RD Davis, Brenda, RD: The New Becoming Vegetarian, page 186-187. Healthy Living Publications, 2003. ^ Fahey, Jed W.; Katherine K. Stephenson, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Patricia A. Egner, Thomas W. Kensler and Paul Talalay 2005. Chlorophyll, chlorophyllin and related tetrapyrroles are significant inducers of mammalian phase 2 cytoprotective genes. Carcinogenesis 26 7: 1247-1255. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgi068. PMID 15774490. External links A Skeptical Analysis of Wheatgrass Juice. Brian Dunning. November 09, 2006 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Wheatgrass Categories: Grasses | Dietary supplementsHidden categories: All pages needing cleanup | Articles with disputed statements from March 2008 | Articles that may contain original research since March 2008 | All articles that may contain original research Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages 中文 This page was last modified on 6 August 2008, at 04:5
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